#鸟类# 中,各种鹎可能是黄河以南大家最熟悉的“家居”鸟之一,不少种已适应退化生境,在灌草丛、农田甚至市区绿地成为优势种,#白头鹎# 近20年更能在北京严苛的气候下形成种群。中国记录有22种鹎,华南市区绿地最常见是#红耳鹎# (图1)和白头鹎(图2),在滇西城区就被黑喉红臀鹎(图3)取代。东南亚是鹎类天堂,也是#观鸟# 者的地狱,因为有五、六十种棕褐色为主的鹎分布,如图4 Buff-vented和图5 Cream-vented两种白眼褐身的鹎,要辨别它们并非易事,但也有个别颜值让人惊喜的种,如图6 Scaly-breasted bulbul和图7 Grey-bellied bulbul。正因为它们无处不在,很多人都没在意鹎类的生态价值,其实主要食果的鹎类是亚/非热带/亚热带地区重要的种子传播者(图8 Sunda Yellow-vented bulbul)。特别在严重退化/破碎化或大型鸟兽已灭绝的森林,适应力强、数量可观、爱到处飞的鹎类,能在破碎林块和荒地间传播各种种子,是延续和恢复森林的关键一员。香港一个研究表明,红耳鹎和白头鹎可采食样地里315种野果中的86%,传播种子距离更可超过1公里,由于食性广,数量多,是香港次生林中最重要的种子传播者(图9)!华南广阔的山区经历了连年破坏,森林正在逐渐恢复,鹎类在当中的作用值得重视和研究。
你pick谁呢?
“oasis和blur乐队的主唱看起来都秀色可餐。他们不是同一类型,Oasis的Liam是一位迷人的美女,只要他蔚蓝的大眼睛扫过,就能把弯女掰直。而Damon则是一个吸引女孩子的无耻小可爱。但他们都是万里挑一的帅哥,他们就像是现代流行圈里的菲力牛排和西冷牛排。”
Julie Burchill, Sunday Times, 1995
(来源不是下图嗷)#damon albarn##liam gallagher#
“oasis和blur乐队的主唱看起来都秀色可餐。他们不是同一类型,Oasis的Liam是一位迷人的美女,只要他蔚蓝的大眼睛扫过,就能把弯女掰直。而Damon则是一个吸引女孩子的无耻小可爱。但他们都是万里挑一的帅哥,他们就像是现代流行圈里的菲力牛排和西冷牛排。”
Julie Burchill, Sunday Times, 1995
(来源不是下图嗷)#damon albarn##liam gallagher#
Raja Ravi Barman (1848–1906), Tilottama (Half-clothed Tilottama flying in the sky playing with a red ball), chromolithograph, 1896, Wellcome Collection, London, UK.
Tilottama was originally a Brahmān female but caused offense by bathing at an improper season, she was condemned to be born as an Apsaras. She was used for the purpose of the mutual destruction of two demons, Sunda and Upasunda. She is also sent to test the strength of yogi's vows of chastity.
For more information, see https://t.cn/A67Spmwe .
Tilottama was originally a Brahmān female but caused offense by bathing at an improper season, she was condemned to be born as an Apsaras. She was used for the purpose of the mutual destruction of two demons, Sunda and Upasunda. She is also sent to test the strength of yogi's vows of chastity.
For more information, see https://t.cn/A67Spmwe .
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