大多数海绵的’骨骼’是由海绵骨针(Spicules)形成的,这些骨针由钙质或者硅质构成,有多种尺寸和三维形状结构.海绵骨针的形态往往是科级甚至种级类群所独有的,因此在分类学上有重要意义.而当海绵死亡解体时,这些骨针会融入沉积物中,有时会积聚成巨大的海绵骨针垫,或形成特殊类型的海绵化石骨针岩.海绵骨针化石和亚化石的记录异常丰富,通常可作为重建海绵群落的基础,它们也承载着重要的生态和环境信息.海绵对生存条件的要求和偏好可以用来重建它们生活的环境,包括水深,pH 值,温度和其他参数的波动;提供古代气候条件的信息;而海绵骨针中的硅同位素组成,也被用来估算整个地质历史时期海洋环境中的硅酸水平,用来重建过去的硅循环和海洋环流
图1-3 Utilizing sponge spicules in taxonomic, ecological and environmental reconstructions: a review
图4 Advances in Sponge Science: Phylogeny, Systematics, Ecology
图5 Chemistry, Chemotaxonomy and Biological Activity of the Latrunculid Sponges (Order Poecilosclerida, Family Latrunculiidae)
图6,7 Spicular analysis of surficial sediments as a supplementary tool for studies of modern sponge communities
图8 Miocene siliceous microfossils from the open cast coal mine Gračanica (Bugojno paleolake, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their significance: a preliminary report
图9 Long-term macrobioerosion in the Mediterranean Sea assessed by micro-computed tomography
图1-3 Utilizing sponge spicules in taxonomic, ecological and environmental reconstructions: a review
图4 Advances in Sponge Science: Phylogeny, Systematics, Ecology
图5 Chemistry, Chemotaxonomy and Biological Activity of the Latrunculid Sponges (Order Poecilosclerida, Family Latrunculiidae)
图6,7 Spicular analysis of surficial sediments as a supplementary tool for studies of modern sponge communities
图8 Miocene siliceous microfossils from the open cast coal mine Gračanica (Bugojno paleolake, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their significance: a preliminary report
图9 Long-term macrobioerosion in the Mediterranean Sea assessed by micro-computed tomography
Prayer is the weapon of Muslims. Ask Allah swt to give you the strength to face the trials that come your way and be able to accept with satisfaction whatever happens(redha).Make Allah swt a place to lean on so that we can continue to survive and not give up hope with his grace.(rahmat-nya)
Indeed, someone who is able to be content with whatever obstacles, tests or decisions come his way is a great person. May it be a source of goodness(asbab) in this world and in the hereafter.
Redha: accept the decision sincerely bow down and obey whether it is joy or sorrow that strikes.The heart still goes through it calmly and freely and does not deny everything that is set upon it.
Rahmat: the goodness that Allah swt bestows on his servant
Asbab: are the reasons behind the occurrence of something.
Indeed, someone who is able to be content with whatever obstacles, tests or decisions come his way is a great person. May it be a source of goodness(asbab) in this world and in the hereafter.
Redha: accept the decision sincerely bow down and obey whether it is joy or sorrow that strikes.The heart still goes through it calmly and freely and does not deny everything that is set upon it.
Rahmat: the goodness that Allah swt bestows on his servant
Asbab: are the reasons behind the occurrence of something.
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