因为周六法语课老师和全班墨西哥同学都说我错了,但我没错。敲黑板!浩浩老师西班牙语语法课现在讲一下,为了证明自己的清白以及大学期间没白学老师没教错。
周六法国老师在讲虚拟式过去未完成时subjontif imparfait和虚拟式愈过去时subjontif plus-que-parfait。例子(见图1):
1.
(1)We find it crazy that he come disguised.
(2)On trouve ça fou qu’il vienne déguisé.
(3)Nos parece una locura que venga disfrazado.
分别转换成过去时:
(4)We found it crazy that he come disguised.
(5)On trouvait ça fou qu’il vienne déguisé.
(6)Nos parecía una locura que viniera disfrazado.
(1)和(4)英语从句主语虽然是he,但是是虚拟语气subjunctive,动词形式都用了原形come,不重要,我也不知道该不该用,以后再讲,见图2。
(3)西语从句动词用了venga虚拟式现在时subjuntivo presente,相应的(6)用了viniera虚拟式过去未完成时subjuntivo pretérito imperfecto。
(2)法语从句动词用了vienne虚拟式现在时subjonctif présent,按理来说(5)也应该用vînt虚拟式过去未完成时subjonctif imparfait,但是一般法国人不会这个变位(除了装逼的文学作品),所以大家都和(2)一样直接用vienne虚拟式现在时。见图3。
2. 从句动词复合式
(7)We find it crazy that he have come disguised.
(8)On trouve ça fou qu’il soit venu déguisé.
(9)Nos parece una locura que haya venido disfrazado.
问题就在这里,都变成过去时怎么变。
(10)We found it crazy that he have come disguised.
(11)On trouvait ça fou qu’il soit venu déguisé.
(12)Nos parecía una locura que hubiera venido disfrazado.
法语同(2)和(5)的原因一样,(11)从句动词应该用fût venu虚拟式愈过去时subjontif plus-que-parfait,但还是和(8)一样直接用了soit venu虚拟式过去时subjontif passé.见图4。
但西语不一样啊,西语是一直都用虚拟式过去未完成时subjuntivo preterito imperfecto和虚拟式过去完成时Subjuntivo Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto。
然而全班墨西哥人都告诉老师(12)不填hubiera venido而是和(9)一样填haya venido,导致全班人都说我填hubiera venido不对。
这是错误的,跟英语一样“主过从过”既然西语里主句用了过去时,从句也应当是过去的时态。见图5。
他们的解释是,虚拟式过去完成时表示未完成的动作,可能性较小,而句子中的动作应该是完成的。
感觉他们这么认为的原因是经常拿虚拟式过去时来代替过去将来时表达条件式condicional。如:
I would like to be with you.
Quería estar contigo.或Quisiera estar contigo.均可
如此导致大家对虚拟式过去时动词变为都有了“未实现”的印象。或许换成hubiese venido就好点了。见图6。
所以其实现实中母语者也不懂语法。
周六法国老师在讲虚拟式过去未完成时subjontif imparfait和虚拟式愈过去时subjontif plus-que-parfait。例子(见图1):
1.
(1)We find it crazy that he come disguised.
(2)On trouve ça fou qu’il vienne déguisé.
(3)Nos parece una locura que venga disfrazado.
分别转换成过去时:
(4)We found it crazy that he come disguised.
(5)On trouvait ça fou qu’il vienne déguisé.
(6)Nos parecía una locura que viniera disfrazado.
(1)和(4)英语从句主语虽然是he,但是是虚拟语气subjunctive,动词形式都用了原形come,不重要,我也不知道该不该用,以后再讲,见图2。
(3)西语从句动词用了venga虚拟式现在时subjuntivo presente,相应的(6)用了viniera虚拟式过去未完成时subjuntivo pretérito imperfecto。
(2)法语从句动词用了vienne虚拟式现在时subjonctif présent,按理来说(5)也应该用vînt虚拟式过去未完成时subjonctif imparfait,但是一般法国人不会这个变位(除了装逼的文学作品),所以大家都和(2)一样直接用vienne虚拟式现在时。见图3。
2. 从句动词复合式
(7)We find it crazy that he have come disguised.
(8)On trouve ça fou qu’il soit venu déguisé.
(9)Nos parece una locura que haya venido disfrazado.
问题就在这里,都变成过去时怎么变。
(10)We found it crazy that he have come disguised.
(11)On trouvait ça fou qu’il soit venu déguisé.
(12)Nos parecía una locura que hubiera venido disfrazado.
法语同(2)和(5)的原因一样,(11)从句动词应该用fût venu虚拟式愈过去时subjontif plus-que-parfait,但还是和(8)一样直接用了soit venu虚拟式过去时subjontif passé.见图4。
但西语不一样啊,西语是一直都用虚拟式过去未完成时subjuntivo preterito imperfecto和虚拟式过去完成时Subjuntivo Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto。
然而全班墨西哥人都告诉老师(12)不填hubiera venido而是和(9)一样填haya venido,导致全班人都说我填hubiera venido不对。
这是错误的,跟英语一样“主过从过”既然西语里主句用了过去时,从句也应当是过去的时态。见图5。
他们的解释是,虚拟式过去完成时表示未完成的动作,可能性较小,而句子中的动作应该是完成的。
感觉他们这么认为的原因是经常拿虚拟式过去时来代替过去将来时表达条件式condicional。如:
I would like to be with you.
Quería estar contigo.或Quisiera estar contigo.均可
如此导致大家对虚拟式过去时动词变为都有了“未实现”的印象。或许换成hubiese venido就好点了。见图6。
所以其实现实中母语者也不懂语法。
路上,有风有雨是常态,风雨无阻
是心态,风雨兼程是状态。
On theroad, there is wind and rain as the norm, unobstructéd wind and rain as the mentality,and wind and rain as the state.
+但愿以后抬头有阳光,关关难过关关过,夜夜难熬夜夜熬,悲喜自渡他人难悟,悄悄崩溃默默治愈。
I hope that in the future, there will be sunshine when I look up.I will pass through the difficult times, endure the hardships of night and night, overcome thejoys and sorrows of other
是心态,风雨兼程是状态。
On theroad, there is wind and rain as the norm, unobstructéd wind and rain as the mentality,and wind and rain as the state.
+但愿以后抬头有阳光,关关难过关关过,夜夜难熬夜夜熬,悲喜自渡他人难悟,悄悄崩溃默默治愈。
I hope that in the future, there will be sunshine when I look up.I will pass through the difficult times, endure the hardships of night and night, overcome thejoys and sorrows of other
歌唱家:Diego Verdaguer
歌曲:Volveré
→ English translation
I'll Be Back
I can see the train depart, and the sad look on your face
That hides those tears, I'll be back
How could I live, a year without your love
The letter says wait for me, that time will pass
A year isn't a century and I'll be back
Although it's difficult, living without your love
Soon we'll be together, I love you so much, my love
Time will pass, I'll be back
Think of me always like this
That time will pass, the letter says wait for me
I love you so much, my love
A year isn't a century and I'll be back
Think of me always like this, that time will pass
Soon we'll be together, I love you so much, my love
Time will pass, I'll be back
Think of me always like this, that time will pass
My love, my love, my love, my love
A year isn't a century and I'll be back
Think of me always like this, I'll be back
歌曲:Volveré
→ English translation
I'll Be Back
I can see the train depart, and the sad look on your face
That hides those tears, I'll be back
How could I live, a year without your love
The letter says wait for me, that time will pass
A year isn't a century and I'll be back
Although it's difficult, living without your love
Soon we'll be together, I love you so much, my love
Time will pass, I'll be back
Think of me always like this
That time will pass, the letter says wait for me
I love you so much, my love
A year isn't a century and I'll be back
Think of me always like this, that time will pass
Soon we'll be together, I love you so much, my love
Time will pass, I'll be back
Think of me always like this, that time will pass
My love, my love, my love, my love
A year isn't a century and I'll be back
Think of me always like this, I'll be back
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