【吃“糖”还能抗衰老?】——低聚木糖(XOS)成分科普
[上课了][毕业帽]来自江南大学的张烽教授团队在Food Function杂志发表题为“Dual intervention on the gut and skin microbiota attenuates facial cutaneous aging”的文章
[举手]该研究发现口服联合局部使用低聚木糖(XOS)可通过调节肠道和皮肤微生物群从而显著延缓面部皮肤衰老。[哇][哇]
#科普##护肤#
[上课了][毕业帽]来自江南大学的张烽教授团队在Food Function杂志发表题为“Dual intervention on the gut and skin microbiota attenuates facial cutaneous aging”的文章
[举手]该研究发现口服联合局部使用低聚木糖(XOS)可通过调节肠道和皮肤微生物群从而显著延缓面部皮肤衰老。[哇][哇]
#科普##护肤#
顶级国立卫生院所被曝多篇论文图片造假!学术大牛也多次脚踩“科研红线”!
科研是探索真理、推动社会进步的重要力量,需要我们每个人都保持清醒的头脑,严谨治学,诚实守信。可是最近国外某顶级学术院所屡次被曝出现学术不端的现象,真是让人“大跌眼镜”!
美国国立卫生研究院由27个研究所和中心组成,其中美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)历史最悠久、规模最大、资金最充裕。Ned E. Sharpless曾领导NCI5年时间,于 2022 年离职。自然,大家对他的工作赞不绝口,白宫的抗癌登月计划总统副助手Danielle Carnival评价道:如今为终结肿瘤这一目标所作的贡献,自然离不开Ned Sharpless在NCI领导的科学发现工作。
我们可能希望科研界的顶尖大牛不会受到图像复制问题的玷污,但遗憾的是,Ned的情况并非如此。让我们按时间顺序进行一一道来。
第一篇来自2002年Cancer CELL上题为Epidermal growth factor receptor and Ink4a/Arf的文章,彩色矩形显示了本应是不同时间点和细胞系之间的各种重叠,面对不同figure之间的图片重复,根本没有借口可以进行解释。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUY
第二篇发表于2004年Journal of Clinical Investigation杂志,题为Ink4a/Arf expression is a biomarker of aging,Ned作为通讯作者,在实验动物模型构建过程中,出现了不同实验动物使用同一张图片的情况。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUj
2005年开始,不断出现一些“小错误”。2005年发表于Cancer Biology & Therapy杂志的文章p16Ink4a inhibits histologic progression and angiogenic signaling in min colon tumors,其中Hgb的有9个基因,而actin却出现了10个样本。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUl
2006年发表于Molecular and Cellular Biology杂志上的Targeting of C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) by ARF results in p53-independent apoptosis甚至出现了同一个泳道中mdm2未拼接而mArf条带拼接的情况。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUT
常见的WB实验,条带图像也出现了问题。2016年发表于Nature Medicine上题为An oncogenic Ezh2 mutation induces tumors through global redistribution of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation的文章中同样出现了Western Blot中的问题。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUH
此外,来自2017年发表在Blood Advances杂志上的Constitutive Ras signaling and inactivation cooperate during the development of B-ALL in mice文章。其中的生存分析可能存在错误。n = 26 如何正确表示绿色曲线?绿线上的每个垂直向下步长都应该是~4%(或~4%的倍数),那么为什么会有微小的步长呢?
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUQ
其实纵观Ned的工作,其在错误的数量或类型上并不引人注目,只有第一篇论文显然是欺诈性的,其余的你可以将信将疑为癌症研究人员的能力有限。
而且大部分的图像问题(图像重复使用、样本数错乱、条带拼接等)也是我们介绍过的常见图像造假操作。难怪有网友评价:虽然是学术界“大佬”,使用的造假手段却这么朴实无华,这么接地气……
纵然科研诚信不断在被强调,但是如此大牛都会在生存分析图中出现明显错误,还有多篇文章中的图片问题,其中的科研诚信问题只能说是“冰山一角”。如果这个学术大牛真的踩了红线,那他就应该承担起相应的责任,接受惩罚。我们不能容忍任何形式的学术不端行为,更不能让这种行为成为学术界的毒瘤!
对此,您怎么看?
欢迎在下方留言~
#科研狗的日常[超话]##研究生##博士后##sci##sci论文[超话]##论文发表推荐期刊##论文[超话]##科研[超话]##课题立项申报##论文发表##论文发表[超话]##生信分析[超话]##论文##期刊发表[超话]##期刊[超话]##医学生##课题立项##课题申报##国自然##科研狗的日常[超话]# https://t.cn/A6lPCNxV
科研是探索真理、推动社会进步的重要力量,需要我们每个人都保持清醒的头脑,严谨治学,诚实守信。可是最近国外某顶级学术院所屡次被曝出现学术不端的现象,真是让人“大跌眼镜”!
美国国立卫生研究院由27个研究所和中心组成,其中美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)历史最悠久、规模最大、资金最充裕。Ned E. Sharpless曾领导NCI5年时间,于 2022 年离职。自然,大家对他的工作赞不绝口,白宫的抗癌登月计划总统副助手Danielle Carnival评价道:如今为终结肿瘤这一目标所作的贡献,自然离不开Ned Sharpless在NCI领导的科学发现工作。
我们可能希望科研界的顶尖大牛不会受到图像复制问题的玷污,但遗憾的是,Ned的情况并非如此。让我们按时间顺序进行一一道来。
第一篇来自2002年Cancer CELL上题为Epidermal growth factor receptor and Ink4a/Arf的文章,彩色矩形显示了本应是不同时间点和细胞系之间的各种重叠,面对不同figure之间的图片重复,根本没有借口可以进行解释。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUY
第二篇发表于2004年Journal of Clinical Investigation杂志,题为Ink4a/Arf expression is a biomarker of aging,Ned作为通讯作者,在实验动物模型构建过程中,出现了不同实验动物使用同一张图片的情况。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUj
2005年开始,不断出现一些“小错误”。2005年发表于Cancer Biology & Therapy杂志的文章p16Ink4a inhibits histologic progression and angiogenic signaling in min colon tumors,其中Hgb的有9个基因,而actin却出现了10个样本。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUl
2006年发表于Molecular and Cellular Biology杂志上的Targeting of C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) by ARF results in p53-independent apoptosis甚至出现了同一个泳道中mdm2未拼接而mArf条带拼接的情况。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUT
常见的WB实验,条带图像也出现了问题。2016年发表于Nature Medicine上题为An oncogenic Ezh2 mutation induces tumors through global redistribution of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation的文章中同样出现了Western Blot中的问题。
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUH
此外,来自2017年发表在Blood Advances杂志上的Constitutive Ras signaling and inactivation cooperate during the development of B-ALL in mice文章。其中的生存分析可能存在错误。n = 26 如何正确表示绿色曲线?绿线上的每个垂直向下步长都应该是~4%(或~4%的倍数),那么为什么会有微小的步长呢?
文章链接:
https://t.cn/A6HVaVUQ
其实纵观Ned的工作,其在错误的数量或类型上并不引人注目,只有第一篇论文显然是欺诈性的,其余的你可以将信将疑为癌症研究人员的能力有限。
而且大部分的图像问题(图像重复使用、样本数错乱、条带拼接等)也是我们介绍过的常见图像造假操作。难怪有网友评价:虽然是学术界“大佬”,使用的造假手段却这么朴实无华,这么接地气……
纵然科研诚信不断在被强调,但是如此大牛都会在生存分析图中出现明显错误,还有多篇文章中的图片问题,其中的科研诚信问题只能说是“冰山一角”。如果这个学术大牛真的踩了红线,那他就应该承担起相应的责任,接受惩罚。我们不能容忍任何形式的学术不端行为,更不能让这种行为成为学术界的毒瘤!
对此,您怎么看?
欢迎在下方留言~
#科研狗的日常[超话]##研究生##博士后##sci##sci论文[超话]##论文发表推荐期刊##论文[超话]##科研[超话]##课题立项申报##论文发表##论文发表[超话]##生信分析[超话]##论文##期刊发表[超话]##期刊[超话]##医学生##课题立项##课题申报##国自然##科研狗的日常[超话]# https://t.cn/A6lPCNxV
Saṃyutta Nikāya
Nidānavagga · Nidā̄nasaṃyuttaṃ SN 12.1 Paṭiccasamuppādasuttaṃ 緣起經
“Bhikkhus, I will teach you dependent origination. Listen to that and attend closely, I will speak.” - “Yes, venerable sir,” those bhikkhus replied. 「比庫們!我將為你們教導緣起,你們要聽它!你你們要好好作意(專心聆聽)了!我將要說了。」 -「是的,尊者!」那些比庫回答世尊。
The Blessed One said this: 世尊說:
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo? Avijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ; viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ; nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ; saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso; phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā; taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo.
“And what, bhikkhus, is dependent origination? With ignorance as condition, volitional formations [come to be]; with volitional formations as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, name-and-form; with name-and-form as condition, the six sense bases; with the six sense bases as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, aging-and-death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, and despair come to be. Such is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. This, bhikkhus, is called dependent origination.
「比庫們!什麼是緣起? 比庫們!以無明為緣有諸行(而諸行存在);以行為緣有識;以識為緣有名色;以名色為緣有六處;以六處為緣有觸;以觸為緣有受;以受為緣有渴愛;以渴愛為緣有取(執取);以取為緣有有(存在);以有為緣有生(出生);以生為緣而老、死、愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望的生成,這樣是這整個苦蘊的集(生起),比庫們!這被稱為緣起。
“Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho; viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho; nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho; saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho; phassanirodhā vedanānirodho; vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho; taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho; bhavanirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Paṭhamaṃ.
“But with the remainderless fading away and cessation of ignorance comes cessation of volitional formations; with the cessation of volitional formations, cessation of consciousness; with the cessation of consciousness, cessation of name-and-form; with the cessation of name-and-form, cessation of the six sense bases; with the cessation of the six sense bases, cessation of contact; with the cessation of contact, cessation of feeling; with the cessation of feeling, cessation of craving; with the cessation of craving, cessation of clinging; with the cessation of clinging, cessation of existence; with the cessation of existence, cessation of birth; with the cessation of birth, aging-and-death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, and despair cease. Such is the cessation of this whole mass of suffering.”
但就以無明的無餘褪去與行滅;以行滅有識滅;以識滅有名色滅;以名色滅有六處滅;以六處滅有觸滅;以觸滅有受滅;以受滅有渴愛滅;以渴愛滅有取滅;以取滅有有滅;以有滅有生滅;以生滅而老、死、愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望被滅,這樣是這整個苦蘊的滅。」
This is what the Blessed One said. Elated, those bhikkhus delighted in the Blessed One’s statement.這就是世尊所教導,那些悅意的比庫們歡喜世尊所说。
-- SN 12.1 Paṭiccasamuppādasuttaṃ
Dependent Origination
相應部 12.1 · 緣起經
Nidānavagga · Nidā̄nasaṃyuttaṃ SN 12.1 Paṭiccasamuppādasuttaṃ 緣起經
“Bhikkhus, I will teach you dependent origination. Listen to that and attend closely, I will speak.” - “Yes, venerable sir,” those bhikkhus replied. 「比庫們!我將為你們教導緣起,你們要聽它!你你們要好好作意(專心聆聽)了!我將要說了。」 -「是的,尊者!」那些比庫回答世尊。
The Blessed One said this: 世尊說:
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo? Avijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ; viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ; nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ; saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso; phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā; taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo.
“And what, bhikkhus, is dependent origination? With ignorance as condition, volitional formations [come to be]; with volitional formations as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, name-and-form; with name-and-form as condition, the six sense bases; with the six sense bases as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, aging-and-death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, and despair come to be. Such is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. This, bhikkhus, is called dependent origination.
「比庫們!什麼是緣起? 比庫們!以無明為緣有諸行(而諸行存在);以行為緣有識;以識為緣有名色;以名色為緣有六處;以六處為緣有觸;以觸為緣有受;以受為緣有渴愛;以渴愛為緣有取(執取);以取為緣有有(存在);以有為緣有生(出生);以生為緣而老、死、愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望的生成,這樣是這整個苦蘊的集(生起),比庫們!這被稱為緣起。
“Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho; viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho; nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho; saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho; phassanirodhā vedanānirodho; vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho; taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho; bhavanirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Paṭhamaṃ.
“But with the remainderless fading away and cessation of ignorance comes cessation of volitional formations; with the cessation of volitional formations, cessation of consciousness; with the cessation of consciousness, cessation of name-and-form; with the cessation of name-and-form, cessation of the six sense bases; with the cessation of the six sense bases, cessation of contact; with the cessation of contact, cessation of feeling; with the cessation of feeling, cessation of craving; with the cessation of craving, cessation of clinging; with the cessation of clinging, cessation of existence; with the cessation of existence, cessation of birth; with the cessation of birth, aging-and-death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, and despair cease. Such is the cessation of this whole mass of suffering.”
但就以無明的無餘褪去與行滅;以行滅有識滅;以識滅有名色滅;以名色滅有六處滅;以六處滅有觸滅;以觸滅有受滅;以受滅有渴愛滅;以渴愛滅有取滅;以取滅有有滅;以有滅有生滅;以生滅而老、死、愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望被滅,這樣是這整個苦蘊的滅。」
This is what the Blessed One said. Elated, those bhikkhus delighted in the Blessed One’s statement.這就是世尊所教導,那些悅意的比庫們歡喜世尊所说。
-- SN 12.1 Paṭiccasamuppādasuttaṃ
Dependent Origination
相應部 12.1 · 緣起經
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