Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych
Internierungslager Lamsdorf (1870/71, im Ersten Weltkrieg)
Stalag VIII B, Stalag VIII F/318, Stalag 344
Gedenkstätte des Nachkriegslagers Lamsdorf
很厉害的一个地方，历代都是战 俘营。
Stalag VIII-B was a German Army prisoner-of-war camp during World War II, later renumbered Stalag-344, located near the village of Lamsdorf (now Łambinowice) in Silesia. The camp initially occupied barracks built to house British and French prisoners in World War I. At this same location there had been a prisoner camp during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71.
In the 1860s, the Prussian Army established a training area for artillery at a wooded area near Lamsdorf, a small village connected by rail to Opole and Nysa. During the Franco-Prussian War, a camp for French prisoners of war was established here, which housed some 3000 French POW's. During the First World War, a much larger POW camp was established here with some 90,000 soldiers of various nationalities interned here. After the treaty of Versailles, the camp was closed down.
It was reopened in 1939 to house Polish prisoners from the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939. Later during the war, approximately 100,000 prisoners from Australia, Belgium, British India, British Palestine, Canada, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, the United States and Yugoslavia passed through this camp. In 1941 a separate camp, Stalag VIII-F was set up close by to house the Soviet prisoners.
In 1943, the Lamsdorf camp was split up, and many of the prisoners (and Arbeitskommando) were transferred to two new base camps Stalag VIII-C Sagan (modern Żagań) and Stalag VIII-D Teschen (modern Český Těšín). The base camp at Lamsdorf was renumbered Stalag 344.
The Soviet Army reached the camp on 17 March 1945.
In 1945-1946, the camp was used by the Soviet-installed Polish Ministry of Public Security to house some 8000-9000 Germans, both prisoners of war and civilians. Polish army personnel being repatriated from POW camps were also processed through Łambinowice and sometimes held there as prisoners for several months. Some were later released, others sent to Gulags in Siberia. About 1000-1500 German prisoners died in the camp due to malnutrition, lack of medicine and acts of violence and terror by the guards. Camp commander Czesław Gęborski was later put on trial for his role in running the camp.
By 1943, the famous camp for Allied flight personnel in Sagan — Stalag Luft III — had become so overcrowded that about 1,000, mostly non-commissioned flight personnel, were transferred to Lamsdorf. A part of Stalag VIII-B was separated by building new barbed-wire fences, designated Stalag Luft VIII-B. Thus a camp within a camp was created. However all food was provided from kitchens operated by army personnel in the camp proper.
Internierungslager Lamsdorf (1870/71, im Ersten Weltkrieg)
Stalag VIII B, Stalag VIII F/318, Stalag 344
Gedenkstätte des Nachkriegslagers Lamsdorf
很厉害的一个地方，历代都是战 俘营。
Stalag VIII-B was a German Army prisoner-of-war camp during World War II, later renumbered Stalag-344, located near the village of Lamsdorf (now Łambinowice) in Silesia. The camp initially occupied barracks built to house British and French prisoners in World War I. At this same location there had been a prisoner camp during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71.
In the 1860s, the Prussian Army established a training area for artillery at a wooded area near Lamsdorf, a small village connected by rail to Opole and Nysa. During the Franco-Prussian War, a camp for French prisoners of war was established here, which housed some 3000 French POW's. During the First World War, a much larger POW camp was established here with some 90,000 soldiers of various nationalities interned here. After the treaty of Versailles, the camp was closed down.
It was reopened in 1939 to house Polish prisoners from the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939. Later during the war, approximately 100,000 prisoners from Australia, Belgium, British India, British Palestine, Canada, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, the United States and Yugoslavia passed through this camp. In 1941 a separate camp, Stalag VIII-F was set up close by to house the Soviet prisoners.
In 1943, the Lamsdorf camp was split up, and many of the prisoners (and Arbeitskommando) were transferred to two new base camps Stalag VIII-C Sagan (modern Żagań) and Stalag VIII-D Teschen (modern Český Těšín). The base camp at Lamsdorf was renumbered Stalag 344.
The Soviet Army reached the camp on 17 March 1945.
In 1945-1946, the camp was used by the Soviet-installed Polish Ministry of Public Security to house some 8000-9000 Germans, both prisoners of war and civilians. Polish army personnel being repatriated from POW camps were also processed through Łambinowice and sometimes held there as prisoners for several months. Some were later released, others sent to Gulags in Siberia. About 1000-1500 German prisoners died in the camp due to malnutrition, lack of medicine and acts of violence and terror by the guards. Camp commander Czesław Gęborski was later put on trial for his role in running the camp.
By 1943, the famous camp for Allied flight personnel in Sagan — Stalag Luft III — had become so overcrowded that about 1,000, mostly non-commissioned flight personnel, were transferred to Lamsdorf. A part of Stalag VIII-B was separated by building new barbed-wire fences, designated Stalag Luft VIII-B. Thus a camp within a camp was created. However all food was provided from kitchens operated by army personnel in the camp proper.
特朗普Hush Money案件庭审第五周（第18天），牧羊人大卫与巨人哥利亚。
Trump attorney Todd Blanche brings up Michael Cohen's appearance on CNN on March 30, 2023, after the indictment of the former president when Cohen referred to the indictment as David v. Goliath.
Cohen confirms he viewed himself as David and Trump as Goliath.
"And you actually said on March 30, so before the indictment was unsealed, that 'You had Goliath on his back,' didn’t you?" Blanche asked.
"Sounds correct," Cohen says.
Cohen confirmed he meant he was David and Trump was Goliath.
Blanche asked to approach the bench again, but Judge Merchan said no.
Trump attorney Todd Blanche brings up Michael Cohen's appearance on CNN on March 30, 2023, after the indictment of the former president when Cohen referred to the indictment as David v. Goliath.
Cohen confirms he viewed himself as David and Trump as Goliath.
"And you actually said on March 30, so before the indictment was unsealed, that 'You had Goliath on his back,' didn’t you?" Blanche asked.
"Sounds correct," Cohen says.
Cohen confirmed he meant he was David and Trump was Goliath.
Blanche asked to approach the bench again, but Judge Merchan said no.
【你可能没听过的英国跑车】
英国跑车Panther Solo是英系跑车中的一颗“遗珠”，产品本身没有过多缺陷的它被大多数人所遗忘。不过，只有几个关键词你可能就会记住这辆车：中置四驱，风洞测试，考斯沃斯发动机。
如果将路特斯的规模定义为“英国小厂”的话，那Panther品牌的存在几乎可以被忽略不计，以至于很多汽车大全上都没有出现过这个品牌。尽管Panther在1970年代末期制造了采用双涡轮增压8.2升V8发动机的“六轮跑车”Panther 6，但其主要产品还是基于Morgan和Caterham制造的复古跑车。对于这么小的厂商来说，生活并不容易，尤其是在英国，僧多粥少，至少有十几家这样的公司在争夺数量有限的驾驶爱好者的订单。
到了1980年，Panther就被一个韩国商人收购了。这个韩国人不仅向公司注入了急需的现金，而且为Panther指引了新的方向——他想要一辆“迷你法拉利”，中置后驱的超级跑车。
为了达到这个目标，Panther开始使用市售的量产零件（大部分来自福特）来简化生产和降低成本，Panther开始计划每年生产1500-2000辆汽车。各类型号的价格从最10,000英镑到14,000英镑不等。
Panther车型比菲亚特X1 / 9更快，配置更高，成本也仅为法拉利308GTB（约30,000英镑）的一小部分。从1983年开始，Panther的小团队就开始研发Solo，一年之后便拿出了原型车。
Panther Solo原计划采用福特105 hp的CVH 1.6发动机（来自Escort XR3i）或130 hp的涡轮增压版本（来自Escort RS Turbo），除了底盘之外，其他的部件（包括变速箱，转向，刹车和悬架）也都是福特的东西。实际上，Solo的动力总成和麦弗逊后悬挂是从Escort倒置移植的。
不幸的是，到了80年代中期，丰田MR2登陆了英国。在驾驶完MR2后，韩国人对其性能，操控性和制造质量感到震惊。并且，MR2在英国仅售9300英镑——Panther没有机会击败它。
于是，Panther改变了发展方向：提高性能并提高售价，以避免与日本人竞争。Solo将采用Sierra RS Cosworth的2L 16V涡轮增压发动机，4WD将取代RWD，以确保出色的全天候操控性。它的价格原本应是20000英镑，但发布日期一再推迟，到了1989年末，它的价格已飙升至40000英镑，与路特斯Esprit Turbo和保时捷911持平！
虽然贵，但Solo的操控性能的确出色。autocar编辑Stephen Sutcliffe在回忆起当年试驾Solo时这样说：“我无法相信这么棒的操控，没有超跑能有这样的感觉，包括后来的F355。”
也难怪，Solo的空气动力学特性是F1车队/工程公司March Engineering用风洞帮助开发的，风阻系数0.33，尾翼两端产生的都是正向下压力。当年CAR杂志拿Solo跟路特斯Esprit SE Turbo（或许是当时操控最好的英国跑车）对比，Solo仍给测试者留下了深刻的印象。
英国跑车Panther Solo是英系跑车中的一颗“遗珠”，产品本身没有过多缺陷的它被大多数人所遗忘。不过，只有几个关键词你可能就会记住这辆车：中置四驱，风洞测试，考斯沃斯发动机。
如果将路特斯的规模定义为“英国小厂”的话，那Panther品牌的存在几乎可以被忽略不计，以至于很多汽车大全上都没有出现过这个品牌。尽管Panther在1970年代末期制造了采用双涡轮增压8.2升V8发动机的“六轮跑车”Panther 6，但其主要产品还是基于Morgan和Caterham制造的复古跑车。对于这么小的厂商来说，生活并不容易，尤其是在英国，僧多粥少，至少有十几家这样的公司在争夺数量有限的驾驶爱好者的订单。
到了1980年，Panther就被一个韩国商人收购了。这个韩国人不仅向公司注入了急需的现金，而且为Panther指引了新的方向——他想要一辆“迷你法拉利”，中置后驱的超级跑车。
为了达到这个目标，Panther开始使用市售的量产零件（大部分来自福特）来简化生产和降低成本，Panther开始计划每年生产1500-2000辆汽车。各类型号的价格从最10,000英镑到14,000英镑不等。
Panther车型比菲亚特X1 / 9更快，配置更高，成本也仅为法拉利308GTB（约30,000英镑）的一小部分。从1983年开始，Panther的小团队就开始研发Solo，一年之后便拿出了原型车。
Panther Solo原计划采用福特105 hp的CVH 1.6发动机（来自Escort XR3i）或130 hp的涡轮增压版本（来自Escort RS Turbo），除了底盘之外，其他的部件（包括变速箱，转向，刹车和悬架）也都是福特的东西。实际上，Solo的动力总成和麦弗逊后悬挂是从Escort倒置移植的。
不幸的是，到了80年代中期，丰田MR2登陆了英国。在驾驶完MR2后，韩国人对其性能，操控性和制造质量感到震惊。并且，MR2在英国仅售9300英镑——Panther没有机会击败它。
于是，Panther改变了发展方向：提高性能并提高售价，以避免与日本人竞争。Solo将采用Sierra RS Cosworth的2L 16V涡轮增压发动机，4WD将取代RWD，以确保出色的全天候操控性。它的价格原本应是20000英镑，但发布日期一再推迟，到了1989年末，它的价格已飙升至40000英镑，与路特斯Esprit Turbo和保时捷911持平！
虽然贵，但Solo的操控性能的确出色。autocar编辑Stephen Sutcliffe在回忆起当年试驾Solo时这样说：“我无法相信这么棒的操控，没有超跑能有这样的感觉，包括后来的F355。”
也难怪，Solo的空气动力学特性是F1车队/工程公司March Engineering用风洞帮助开发的，风阻系数0.33，尾翼两端产生的都是正向下压力。当年CAR杂志拿Solo跟路特斯Esprit SE Turbo（或许是当时操控最好的英国跑车）对比，Solo仍给测试者留下了深刻的印象。
✋热门推荐