【小村庄联通大世界】#乡村振兴# After the drizzle that had been falling all night finally stopped after breakfast, Chen Yuanfu and Chen Yuanyang, two brothers who live in a small village in southwest China's Guizhou province, took out their equipment to make short videos about their stockaded village. 一夜细雨，早饭后才渐停，陈远福、陈远洋兄弟赶紧拿出设备忙活起来；寨子就是取景地，家人轮流当主角，剧情都是村里那些有意思的事儿……
https://t.cn/A6VhOcag
https://t.cn/A6VhOcag
This country has the most castles in Europe
威尔士——欧洲城堡的大本营
BY RAPHAEL KADUSHIN
作者：拉斐尔•卡杜申
WITH EUROPE’S BORDERS temporarily closed to American travelers, the continent’s icons shine an even more inviting beacon than usual—if partly because of their inaccessibility. And few European attractions pop up more often on postcards and in Instagram posts than its castles.
由于欧洲边境暂时对美国游客关闭，这片大陆上的标志性城堡便成了比以往更香的香饽饽，或多或少因为它们最近可望而不可即。在各种明信片和Instagram的帖子中，欧洲城堡的出镜率几乎碾压其他欧洲景点。
But the best place for serious castle spotters may come as a surprise. It’s not France’s Loire or Germany’s Bavaria. The true epicenter is Wales, which features more castles per square mile than any other country in Europe.
然而论最佳的城堡游览地，结果可能令忠实城堡迷们大吃一惊——不是法国的卢瓦尔，也不是德国的巴伐利亚州。正确答案是英国的威尔士，该地区每平方英里保有的城堡数居欧洲第一。
From the northern mountains of Snowdonia to Swansea Bay in the south, castles that could have dropped out of Camelot shoot up everywhere. Why the density? Blame it partly on Wales’ history as a contested territory. Fighting over turf, the Normans, the native Welsh, and the English, led by expansionist Edward I, all erected epic fortresses in an explosion of castle building that dominated the 13th and 14th centuries.
从斯诺多尼亚北部山区到南部的斯旺西湾，各种城堡遍地开花，壮丽程度可媲美亚瑟王宫殿。为何此处城堡聚集？部分原因是历史上的威尔士为一块争议之地。13、14世纪，欧洲正值城堡修筑狂潮期，为了争夺草皮，诺曼人、土著威尔士人和英国人，在扩张主义者爱德华一世的带领下，纷纷修建起史诗般宏伟的堡垒。
The sheer number of Welsh castles is matched by their variety. “For a small country,” says historian Kate Roberts, “we have just about every type and form, including concentric castles with moated defenses, castles with gigantic well-fortified gatehouses, castles that make every possible use of natural defenses, and castles designed to be beautiful luxurious residences.”
威尔士的城堡数量庞大，其种类也相当繁多。历史学家凯特•罗伯茨（Kate Roberts）介绍道:“威尔士面积不大，却有各种造型、各种功能的城堡，包括筑有护城河防御的同心城堡、修有巨型强化门楼的城堡，还有最大程度依附自然屏障的城堡，以及专门设计的豪华住宅式城堡。”
Over time the Welsh castles changed shape. As the internecine wars died down, they slowly evolved from primarily stony fortresses and command posts to stately homes flush with some of Wales’ finest art and most flamboyant treasures, nestled in elaborate gardens.
威尔士城堡因时而变。英格兰内战平息后，各数城堡从最初的石型堡垒和指挥所，逐渐演变成庄严的住宅——簇拥着各式精致的花园，贮藏着威尔士最上乘的艺术品和最夺目的奇珍异宝。
Raglan Castle is a prime example of the shift. “The older parts of the castle,” says Roberts, “extend back to the 13th and 14th centuries but what visitors see today mostly dates from the 15th century, when Raglan had become a grand manorial home, boasting sumptuous apartments surrounding a fountain court. Late additions in the 16th century included a conversion into a magnificent Elizabethan country house, surrounded by garden terraces and a lake.” An army of fanciful gargoyles and heraldic carvings frame the castle courtyards, testimony to the artistic flourishes that began to gild the original fortresses.
拉格兰城堡（Raglan Castle）就是这一转变的典型代表。罗伯兹表示：“拉格兰城堡较古老的一部分可追溯至13、14世纪，但如今游客观赏到的多数修于15世纪，那时古堡已是座大庄园住宅，住房围着喷泉球场，尽显奢华。16世纪的后期扩建工程将城堡改成了一幢伊丽莎白式的乡村豪宅，周围环有花园露台和一个湖泊。”庭院里处处安放着形态各异的滴水兽，和刻有花纹的各种雕像，可见当时艺术繁荣，旧时的堡垒也能“镶金裹银”。
In some cases, more recent Welsh castles were conceived, from the start, as grand pleasure houses. Penrhyn Castle, a mock neo-Norman structure bristling with jutting towers and battlements, may look like a fortress. But it never saw any military action.
有时候，一些近代的威尔士城堡起初便设计成豪华娱乐场所。彭林城堡（ Penrhyn Castle）结构上仿造新诺曼风格，塔体和城垛外伸，虽看似一座堡垒，但从未投入任何军事功用。
The current iteration was built in the early 19th century for a mega-wealthy north Wales mine owner as a kind of fantasia of a medieval fortress. It was specifically designed to house a master class of curated art. Containing one of Wales’ finest collections of paintings, it features everything from Dutch 17th-century landscapes to Spanish portraits and Venetian masterworks, including a Canaletto canvas depicting the Grand Canal. A formal walled garden adds to the artistic overflow.
最近一轮的城堡风格更迭出现在19世纪早期，有一名来自威尔士北部的矿场主，手握巨大财富，修建了一座极富中世纪堡垒风格的城堡，专门用于陈列大师级的典藏艺术品。城堡内藏有威尔士最具价值的一组绘画作品，从17世界荷兰风景画，到西班牙肖像画，再到威尼斯大师画作，各种珍品应有尽有，包括一幅卡纳莱托（Canaletto）的威尼斯大运河油画。一座带围墙的精致花园则为城堡增添了些许艺术气息。
摘自《国家地理》
翻译： 西南科技大学学生 谢睿、王佳妮、包思达、孟楷文
威尔士——欧洲城堡的大本营
BY RAPHAEL KADUSHIN
作者：拉斐尔•卡杜申
WITH EUROPE’S BORDERS temporarily closed to American travelers, the continent’s icons shine an even more inviting beacon than usual—if partly because of their inaccessibility. And few European attractions pop up more often on postcards and in Instagram posts than its castles.
由于欧洲边境暂时对美国游客关闭，这片大陆上的标志性城堡便成了比以往更香的香饽饽，或多或少因为它们最近可望而不可即。在各种明信片和Instagram的帖子中，欧洲城堡的出镜率几乎碾压其他欧洲景点。
But the best place for serious castle spotters may come as a surprise. It’s not France’s Loire or Germany’s Bavaria. The true epicenter is Wales, which features more castles per square mile than any other country in Europe.
然而论最佳的城堡游览地，结果可能令忠实城堡迷们大吃一惊——不是法国的卢瓦尔，也不是德国的巴伐利亚州。正确答案是英国的威尔士，该地区每平方英里保有的城堡数居欧洲第一。
From the northern mountains of Snowdonia to Swansea Bay in the south, castles that could have dropped out of Camelot shoot up everywhere. Why the density? Blame it partly on Wales’ history as a contested territory. Fighting over turf, the Normans, the native Welsh, and the English, led by expansionist Edward I, all erected epic fortresses in an explosion of castle building that dominated the 13th and 14th centuries.
从斯诺多尼亚北部山区到南部的斯旺西湾，各种城堡遍地开花，壮丽程度可媲美亚瑟王宫殿。为何此处城堡聚集？部分原因是历史上的威尔士为一块争议之地。13、14世纪，欧洲正值城堡修筑狂潮期，为了争夺草皮，诺曼人、土著威尔士人和英国人，在扩张主义者爱德华一世的带领下，纷纷修建起史诗般宏伟的堡垒。
The sheer number of Welsh castles is matched by their variety. “For a small country,” says historian Kate Roberts, “we have just about every type and form, including concentric castles with moated defenses, castles with gigantic well-fortified gatehouses, castles that make every possible use of natural defenses, and castles designed to be beautiful luxurious residences.”
威尔士的城堡数量庞大，其种类也相当繁多。历史学家凯特•罗伯茨（Kate Roberts）介绍道:“威尔士面积不大，却有各种造型、各种功能的城堡，包括筑有护城河防御的同心城堡、修有巨型强化门楼的城堡，还有最大程度依附自然屏障的城堡，以及专门设计的豪华住宅式城堡。”
Over time the Welsh castles changed shape. As the internecine wars died down, they slowly evolved from primarily stony fortresses and command posts to stately homes flush with some of Wales’ finest art and most flamboyant treasures, nestled in elaborate gardens.
威尔士城堡因时而变。英格兰内战平息后，各数城堡从最初的石型堡垒和指挥所，逐渐演变成庄严的住宅——簇拥着各式精致的花园，贮藏着威尔士最上乘的艺术品和最夺目的奇珍异宝。
Raglan Castle is a prime example of the shift. “The older parts of the castle,” says Roberts, “extend back to the 13th and 14th centuries but what visitors see today mostly dates from the 15th century, when Raglan had become a grand manorial home, boasting sumptuous apartments surrounding a fountain court. Late additions in the 16th century included a conversion into a magnificent Elizabethan country house, surrounded by garden terraces and a lake.” An army of fanciful gargoyles and heraldic carvings frame the castle courtyards, testimony to the artistic flourishes that began to gild the original fortresses.
拉格兰城堡（Raglan Castle）就是这一转变的典型代表。罗伯兹表示：“拉格兰城堡较古老的一部分可追溯至13、14世纪，但如今游客观赏到的多数修于15世纪，那时古堡已是座大庄园住宅，住房围着喷泉球场，尽显奢华。16世纪的后期扩建工程将城堡改成了一幢伊丽莎白式的乡村豪宅，周围环有花园露台和一个湖泊。”庭院里处处安放着形态各异的滴水兽，和刻有花纹的各种雕像，可见当时艺术繁荣，旧时的堡垒也能“镶金裹银”。
In some cases, more recent Welsh castles were conceived, from the start, as grand pleasure houses. Penrhyn Castle, a mock neo-Norman structure bristling with jutting towers and battlements, may look like a fortress. But it never saw any military action.
有时候，一些近代的威尔士城堡起初便设计成豪华娱乐场所。彭林城堡（ Penrhyn Castle）结构上仿造新诺曼风格，塔体和城垛外伸，虽看似一座堡垒，但从未投入任何军事功用。
The current iteration was built in the early 19th century for a mega-wealthy north Wales mine owner as a kind of fantasia of a medieval fortress. It was specifically designed to house a master class of curated art. Containing one of Wales’ finest collections of paintings, it features everything from Dutch 17th-century landscapes to Spanish portraits and Venetian masterworks, including a Canaletto canvas depicting the Grand Canal. A formal walled garden adds to the artistic overflow.
最近一轮的城堡风格更迭出现在19世纪早期，有一名来自威尔士北部的矿场主，手握巨大财富，修建了一座极富中世纪堡垒风格的城堡，专门用于陈列大师级的典藏艺术品。城堡内藏有威尔士最具价值的一组绘画作品，从17世界荷兰风景画，到西班牙肖像画，再到威尼斯大师画作，各种珍品应有尽有，包括一幅卡纳莱托（Canaletto）的威尼斯大运河油画。一座带围墙的精致花园则为城堡增添了些许艺术气息。
摘自《国家地理》
翻译： 西南科技大学学生 谢睿、王佳妮、包思达、孟楷文
【新冠在巴西肆虐，一小镇60%的人接种中国新冠疫苗后“幸免于难”】巴西以每日新增病例超7万数据，属于全球新冠疫情最严重的三个国家之一。而在巴西的赛拉纳，孩子们在广场上玩耍休闲（没有带口罩）。
据华尔街日报5月7日报道，巴西这座拥有4.5万人口的小镇正在逐步恢复生活秩序。
为什么新冠病毒在巴西肆虐，唯独赛拉纳“幸免于难”。据华尔街日报报道，原因是这个城市大规模接种了中国科兴的新冠疫苗。
[话筒]全镇60%的人接种中国新冠疫苗
据华尔街日报报道，塞拉纳是一个位于圣保罗以北约300公里（185英里）的巴西小镇。尽管它拥有巴西最大的甘蔗厂，但塞拉纳名字在巴西也不是家喻户晓。这个拥有45000人口的城市发起了一场大规模的冠状病毒疫苗接种运动。健康专家希望通过以下方法可以实现群体免疫。
在塞拉纳小镇4.5万人口中，符合接种新冠疫苗的人数是2.7万人，2.7万人中98%已接种疫苗，在这个小镇几乎所有的成年人都接种了新冠疫苗，目前实现疫苗接种率约达60%。
“作为人民的代表，我非常自豪能够参与这一历史性项目，接种疫苗帮助塞拉纳人民得到保护。”赛拉纳的市长卡皮泰利在接受华尔街日报采访时指出，居民们渴望参与其中，他们不仅能接种疫苗，还能帮助保护家人。
[话筒]全镇死亡率骤降，逐步恢复正常生活
在巴西人眼中，在过去的三个月里，赛拉纳进行了一项独特的实验，这里几乎每个成年人都接种疫苗，所有人都期待着会发生什么。近几周来，这里的大多数成年人服用第二剂后，Covid-19病例和随着大流行的继续肆虐，死亡人数骤降，生活开始恢复正常。
小镇政府官员和居民说，他们对目前的结果感到兴奋。塞拉纳的感染率是与3月份峰值相比下降了75%，而接种的新冠疫苗人群中没有死亡病例。新冠疫苗对肆虐整个地区的变异株也是有效的。相比于三周前镇上重症监护室的候诊室里人们满满当当，最近只有一位拒绝接种疫苗的女士使用了呼吸机。（健康时报记者 王振雅 张彦婷）（图片来自华尔街日报及brazilian）
参考资料：
1、Brazil's Serrana aims for COVID herd immunity first/ DW/2021年2月25日
2、A Small Brazilian Town Is Beating Covid-19 Through a Unique Experiment/WSJ/2021年5月7日
3、https://t.cn/A6csyPw9 3/3
据华尔街日报5月7日报道，巴西这座拥有4.5万人口的小镇正在逐步恢复生活秩序。
为什么新冠病毒在巴西肆虐，唯独赛拉纳“幸免于难”。据华尔街日报报道，原因是这个城市大规模接种了中国科兴的新冠疫苗。
[话筒]全镇60%的人接种中国新冠疫苗
据华尔街日报报道，塞拉纳是一个位于圣保罗以北约300公里（185英里）的巴西小镇。尽管它拥有巴西最大的甘蔗厂，但塞拉纳名字在巴西也不是家喻户晓。这个拥有45000人口的城市发起了一场大规模的冠状病毒疫苗接种运动。健康专家希望通过以下方法可以实现群体免疫。
在塞拉纳小镇4.5万人口中，符合接种新冠疫苗的人数是2.7万人，2.7万人中98%已接种疫苗，在这个小镇几乎所有的成年人都接种了新冠疫苗，目前实现疫苗接种率约达60%。
“作为人民的代表，我非常自豪能够参与这一历史性项目，接种疫苗帮助塞拉纳人民得到保护。”赛拉纳的市长卡皮泰利在接受华尔街日报采访时指出，居民们渴望参与其中，他们不仅能接种疫苗，还能帮助保护家人。
[话筒]全镇死亡率骤降，逐步恢复正常生活
在巴西人眼中，在过去的三个月里，赛拉纳进行了一项独特的实验，这里几乎每个成年人都接种疫苗，所有人都期待着会发生什么。近几周来，这里的大多数成年人服用第二剂后，Covid-19病例和随着大流行的继续肆虐，死亡人数骤降，生活开始恢复正常。
小镇政府官员和居民说，他们对目前的结果感到兴奋。塞拉纳的感染率是与3月份峰值相比下降了75%，而接种的新冠疫苗人群中没有死亡病例。新冠疫苗对肆虐整个地区的变异株也是有效的。相比于三周前镇上重症监护室的候诊室里人们满满当当，最近只有一位拒绝接种疫苗的女士使用了呼吸机。（健康时报记者 王振雅 张彦婷）（图片来自华尔街日报及brazilian）
参考资料：
1、Brazil's Serrana aims for COVID herd immunity first/ DW/2021年2月25日
2、A Small Brazilian Town Is Beating Covid-19 Through a Unique Experiment/WSJ/2021年5月7日
3、https://t.cn/A6csyPw9 3/3
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