When I was walking tonight, I passed by the Jiang'an river of my school. As the flood had just passed, the river was full of mud, which gave the students the chance to fish. So some students really went to the riverside and fished in the river. Although they only caught a dead fish, their interest in life deeply infected me.

在令人眼花缭乱的各种可能性中，只存在文化上的选择 | 英语长难句Vol.103

Ever since the Cognitive Revolution, there hasn’t been a single natural way of life for Sapiens. There are only cultural choices, from among a bewildering palette of possibilities.

自从认知革命以来，智人就没有一种单一的自然生活方式。在令人眼花缭乱的各种可能性中，只存在文化上的选择。

「生词」

Cognitive ：adj. 认知的，认识的

bewildering ：adj. 使人困惑的；令人产生混乱的；v.使迷惑（bewilder的ing形式 ）

palette ：n. 调色板；颜料

「难点」

本文选自《人类简史》。since和ever since如果不作深入的探究，可以大致认为两者是一致，毕竟在意思方面大同小异；然而，如果往细里说，两者也有不小的区别。

「分析技巧」

前文说过，两者意思一致，都表达“自从”的意思。在用法上，ever since之后可以不加任何东西，做个光杆司令，也可以加名词或者加从句。然而，since作为介词后边接某一确定的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。

比如，当我们要表达「自从你离开后他就一直在那里」时，既可以用since也可以用ever since，并且用法相同。

He's been there ever since you left.

He's been there since you left.

而当我们要表达「我就向他屈服了，从那以后我一直后悔」时，当然也是since和ever since都可以用，用法却不尽相同：

I simply gave in to him, and I've regretted it ever since.

或者

I simply gave in to him, and I've regretted it since then.

看过两者的异同之后，我们再来聚焦since的用法。

前两种比较常见，分别是：

1、since+过去一个时间点

I have been here since 1989.

2、since+一段时间+ago

I have been here since five months ago.

后几种则比较少见，却也是重要的用法。

3、since+从句

Great changes have taken place since you left.

4、It is+一段时间+since从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

5、用于句型“一段时间+has passed since+时间状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, …（时间）已经过去了”。

Five years has passed since we moved here.

细心的同学一定注意到，既然是five years，为什么不用have而用has呢？明天我们来揭晓。

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