【中国文学在墨西哥 | La presencia de la literatura china en América Latina】¿Está entrando en una vía rápida el intercambio de literatura entre China y los países latinoamericanos? En México, ¿cómo ven la literatura de este país asiático, y viceversa? Sobre este tema, nuestro corresponsal en México entrevistó a la señora Elena Bazán, editora, correctora y gestora de proyectos editoriales. #Diálogo# Más: https://t.cn/A6JA5yri
問：佛經是釋迦牟尼親自寫的嗎？
Q: Where the Buddhist texts written by Sakyamuni himself?
答：不是，是佛逝世后，他的弟子記誦出來的。佛逝世的那一年，佛的弟子，以摩訶迦葉為首的五百人集會在王舍城外的七葉窟，將佛一生所說的言教結集起來，以傳後世。
A: No, they were recited and recorded by his disciples after the Buddha's death. In the year of Buddha's Parinibbana, his five hundred disciples headed by Ven. Mahakassapa held an assembly at Saptaparna Cave (P. Sattapanna-guha) near Rajagaha to compile and edit the Buddha's teachings for posterity.
當時由阿難陀誦出佛所說的經(Sutta)；由優波離誦出佛所制的僧團戒律(Vinaya)；由摩訶迦葉當時誦出，後來又補充結集的關於教理的解釋和研究的論著(Abhidharma)。
At the assembly Ven. Ananda recited the Suttas preached by the Buddha, Ven. Upali recited the Vinaya established by the Buddha, and Ven. Mahakasspa recited, and later supplemented, the Abhidharma which is an exposition and study of the Buddhist creeds.
經、律、論為「三藏」(Tipitaka)。藏的原語Pitaka，是一種可以盛放東西的竹篋。把經、律、論分為三藏，同把經、史、子、集分為四庫有差不多的意思。
The Sutta, Vinaya and Abhidharma comprise Tipitaka. The word Pitaka originally meant basket for containing things. The compilation of Sutta, Vinaya and Abhidharma into Tipitaka is something like the designation of Jing (classics), Shi (history), Zi (academic schools) and Ji (Miscellany) as the "Four Treasuers" in China.
這一次結集稱為「第一結集」。照通常解釋，「結集」兩個字含有編輯的意義，但這個字的梵文Samgiti卻是「僧眾大會」的意思。
This Buddhist council was termed the First Samgiti. Samgiti is generally rendered as "Jieji" in Chinese, while its original meaning in Sanskrit or Pali is "sangha meeting".
古代譯師用「結集」二字，含有「會誦」的意思，一方面固然著重在法的結集，同時也包含著人的結集的意思在內。這時還沒有用文字記錄，只憑口頭傳誦。
The ancient Chinese translators used the word "Jieji" to mean "recital", which implies both the collection of Dhamma, and the assembly of people. The Tipitaka was not written down at that time, so it was passed on by oral recital.
Q: Where the Buddhist texts written by Sakyamuni himself?
答：不是，是佛逝世后，他的弟子記誦出來的。佛逝世的那一年，佛的弟子，以摩訶迦葉為首的五百人集會在王舍城外的七葉窟，將佛一生所說的言教結集起來，以傳後世。
A: No, they were recited and recorded by his disciples after the Buddha's death. In the year of Buddha's Parinibbana, his five hundred disciples headed by Ven. Mahakassapa held an assembly at Saptaparna Cave (P. Sattapanna-guha) near Rajagaha to compile and edit the Buddha's teachings for posterity.
當時由阿難陀誦出佛所說的經(Sutta)；由優波離誦出佛所制的僧團戒律(Vinaya)；由摩訶迦葉當時誦出，後來又補充結集的關於教理的解釋和研究的論著(Abhidharma)。
At the assembly Ven. Ananda recited the Suttas preached by the Buddha, Ven. Upali recited the Vinaya established by the Buddha, and Ven. Mahakasspa recited, and later supplemented, the Abhidharma which is an exposition and study of the Buddhist creeds.
經、律、論為「三藏」(Tipitaka)。藏的原語Pitaka，是一種可以盛放東西的竹篋。把經、律、論分為三藏，同把經、史、子、集分為四庫有差不多的意思。
The Sutta, Vinaya and Abhidharma comprise Tipitaka. The word Pitaka originally meant basket for containing things. The compilation of Sutta, Vinaya and Abhidharma into Tipitaka is something like the designation of Jing (classics), Shi (history), Zi (academic schools) and Ji (Miscellany) as the "Four Treasuers" in China.
這一次結集稱為「第一結集」。照通常解釋，「結集」兩個字含有編輯的意義，但這個字的梵文Samgiti卻是「僧眾大會」的意思。
This Buddhist council was termed the First Samgiti. Samgiti is generally rendered as "Jieji" in Chinese, while its original meaning in Sanskrit or Pali is "sangha meeting".
古代譯師用「結集」二字，含有「會誦」的意思，一方面固然著重在法的結集，同時也包含著人的結集的意思在內。這時還沒有用文字記錄，只憑口頭傳誦。
The ancient Chinese translators used the word "Jieji" to mean "recital", which implies both the collection of Dhamma, and the assembly of people. The Tipitaka was not written down at that time, so it was passed on by oral recital.
【美国为何超过90%的时间都在打仗？｜¿Por qué Estados Unidos ha estado en guerra durante 228 de los últimos 245 años?】Estados Unidos siempre se ha considerado a sí mismo como una nación excepcional y un ejemplo a seguir para otros. La mayoría de los estadounidenses piensa en su país como un faro de bondad admirado en todo el mundo. El expresidente Ronald Reagan describió una vez a Estados Unidos como una "ciudad brillante en una colina", "repleta de gente de todo tipo, que vive en armonía y paz". Pero la verdad es que la mayoría de los estadounidenses no se ven a sí mismos como los ven demás. Donde los estadounidenses ven "la vida, la libertad y la búsqueda de la felicidad", otros ven una nación que se ha implicado en guerras por intereses injustos y valores injustificados. Más: https://t.cn/A6xdBrAN
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