王于漸：
人口轉型帶動的經濟成長在學術上稱為「人口紅利」。香港拜1945—1950年人口大量流入和隨後嬰兒潮之賜，曾經藉着人口轉型獲得大量紅利。但這一波的轉型已經完成，嬰兒潮一代日漸老化，除非調整體制，以提供新的誘因刺激成長、減輕供養老年人口的負擔，否則會轉進成長放緩期。
表6.1是1961—2036年每隔五年0—19歲、20—64歲和65歲或以上三組人口的實際和預測人數。0—19歲的人口，大致上相當於需要供養的兒童和青少年；65歲或以上的人口大致上相當於需要供養的長者；其中只有20—64歲的人口在經濟上是活躍的，雖然當中有些女性在相當長的時間退出勞動市場以照顧家庭。
至於少年和老年的供養率（dependency ratio），也就是0—19歲人口和65歲或以上的人口，各自除以20—64歲經濟上活躍人口的所得；而總供養率則是一嫩一老兩組受供養率之和。
註：表內數字皆為年中統計資料；1996年之後的數據來自統計處現行的居住人口統計方法。資料來源：香港政府統計處：《香港人口推算2010—2039》，2010。
1961—2036年這兩個供養率的變化，很能說明問題。0—19歲人口的供養率由1961年的0.921，跌到2011年的0.257，預料在今後的2016—2036年維持在0.257到0.290的窄幅之內。但長者的供養率剛好倒過來，由1961年的0.063上升到2011年的0.191；預料今後持續上升：2016年0.231；2021年0.289；2026年0.374；2031年0.448；2036年0.480。兩組供養率之和也就是總供養率，預料會由今年2011年的0.448上升至2036年的0.758。
換言之，預料到了2036年，經濟上活躍的市民平均每人要供養一個人。打個比方，2026年也就是十五年後，兩人都要工作的夫婦需要供養一名子女和一位父母。這要夫婦兩人的生產力都很強才行。
人口轉型帶動的經濟成長在學術上稱為「人口紅利」。香港拜1945—1950年人口大量流入和隨後嬰兒潮之賜，曾經藉着人口轉型獲得大量紅利。但這一波的轉型已經完成，嬰兒潮一代日漸老化，除非調整體制，以提供新的誘因刺激成長、減輕供養老年人口的負擔，否則會轉進成長放緩期。
表6.1是1961—2036年每隔五年0—19歲、20—64歲和65歲或以上三組人口的實際和預測人數。0—19歲的人口，大致上相當於需要供養的兒童和青少年；65歲或以上的人口大致上相當於需要供養的長者；其中只有20—64歲的人口在經濟上是活躍的，雖然當中有些女性在相當長的時間退出勞動市場以照顧家庭。
至於少年和老年的供養率（dependency ratio），也就是0—19歲人口和65歲或以上的人口，各自除以20—64歲經濟上活躍人口的所得；而總供養率則是一嫩一老兩組受供養率之和。
註：表內數字皆為年中統計資料；1996年之後的數據來自統計處現行的居住人口統計方法。資料來源：香港政府統計處：《香港人口推算2010—2039》，2010。
1961—2036年這兩個供養率的變化，很能說明問題。0—19歲人口的供養率由1961年的0.921，跌到2011年的0.257，預料在今後的2016—2036年維持在0.257到0.290的窄幅之內。但長者的供養率剛好倒過來，由1961年的0.063上升到2011年的0.191；預料今後持續上升：2016年0.231；2021年0.289；2026年0.374；2031年0.448；2036年0.480。兩組供養率之和也就是總供養率，預料會由今年2011年的0.448上升至2036年的0.758。
換言之，預料到了2036年，經濟上活躍的市民平均每人要供養一個人。打個比方，2026年也就是十五年後，兩人都要工作的夫婦需要供養一名子女和一位父母。這要夫婦兩人的生產力都很強才行。
#南大新闻#【现代工学院江伟课题组提出了高消光比的并联双跑道型谐振腔调制器】硅基光子芯片因其在光互连、光通信、光计算等领域的应用前景在近十年得到了广泛的关注。硅光调制器是硅光芯片中的关键器件。基于微谐振腔的小型化、低功耗的硅光调制器对提升集成规模、降低成本有较大助益，是一个重要研究方向。此类调制器的设计通常将谐振腔设置为临界耦合状态，以提高器件的关键性能（如消光比）。然而由于临界耦合状态稳定性较差，实际使用中器件的性能通常会受到较大的影响。最近，南京大学现代工学院的江伟课题组报道了并联双跑道型谐振腔调制器，在强耦合情况下也能实现高消光比的高速调制，且器件工作电压、功耗都很低，有望推动基于微谐振腔的硅光调制器走向实用。
相关工作以"High Extinction Ratio Low-Voltage Dual-Racetrack Modulator for Low-Power DAC-less PAM4 Modulation"为题近日发表于国际期刊Optics Letters 47, 850 (2022)。#南大科研动态#
相关工作以"High Extinction Ratio Low-Voltage Dual-Racetrack Modulator for Low-Power DAC-less PAM4 Modulation"为题近日发表于国际期刊Optics Letters 47, 850 (2022)。#南大科研动态#
8.17b
Liquidity
The current ratio and quick ratio of T Zhou’s business were 2:1 and 1.33:1 respectively.Both ratio indicated the liquidity of T Zhou’s business was good and healthy.It can be seen that even if the inventory cannot be liquidate, it will not affect the company's short-term repayment ability.
Profitability
The gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of T Zhou’s business were 33.33% and 27.99% respectively.
8.18b
Liquidity
The current ratio of K Kung‘s business and B Kau’s business were 2:1 and 1:1 respectively. The acid test ratio of K Kung‘s business and B Kau’s business were 1:1 and 0.5:1 respectively. K Kung‘s business was more liquid, as reflected by its higher current ratio and acid test ratio. This indicated that K Kung‘s business does not have short term debt-paying problem.
Profitability
The gross profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on capital employed of K Kung’s business were 25% , 20% and 27.12% respectively. The gross profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on capital employed of B Kau’s business were 25% , 10% and 12.5% respectively. Despite the gross profit ratio of two business are same, K Kung’s business was more profitable, as reflected by its net profit ratio and higher return on capital employed .it’s higher mark-up(I.e. higher gross profit ratio)and lower expenses-to-sales ratio(i.e. higher net profit ratio)made it more profitable. This indicated that the company was more efficient in minimizing its operating expenses and for every $100 of long-term capital investment made in the business, more operating profit.
8.19b
Liquidity
The current ratio and quick ratio of Keith’s firm were 4:1 and 2:1 respectively. The current ratio and quick ratio of Nelson’s firm were 2:1 and 1.02:1 respectively.
Keith’s firm was more liquid, as reflected by its higher current ratio and quick ratio.
Nelson’s firm was less liquid than Keith’s firm. Its current ratio and quick ratio were lower than Keith’s firm. Keith’s firm might have difficulty meeting its short-term financial obligations if these ratios keep falling.
Profitability
The gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of Keith’s firm were 20% and 12% respectively. The gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of Nelson’s firm were 25% and 14% respectively. Nelson’s firm was more profitable, as reflected by its higher gross profit ratio and net profit ratio.it’s higher mark-up(I.e. higher gross profit ratio)and lower expenses-to-sales ratio(i.e. higher net profit ratio)made it more profitable.
8.20 c
Liquidity
The current ratio and quick ratio of the business were 3.26:1 and 1.94:1 respectively.Both ratio indicated the liquidity of the business was good and healthy, because they higher than the usual norm of the current ratio and and quick ratio were 2:1 and 1:1 respectively. It can be seen that even if the inventory cannot be liquidate, it will not affect the company's short-term repayment ability.
我完全在亂做 天呀
老師看了估計會想kill了我…….
Liquidity
The current ratio and quick ratio of T Zhou’s business were 2:1 and 1.33:1 respectively.Both ratio indicated the liquidity of T Zhou’s business was good and healthy.It can be seen that even if the inventory cannot be liquidate, it will not affect the company's short-term repayment ability.
Profitability
The gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of T Zhou’s business were 33.33% and 27.99% respectively.
8.18b
Liquidity
The current ratio of K Kung‘s business and B Kau’s business were 2:1 and 1:1 respectively. The acid test ratio of K Kung‘s business and B Kau’s business were 1:1 and 0.5:1 respectively. K Kung‘s business was more liquid, as reflected by its higher current ratio and acid test ratio. This indicated that K Kung‘s business does not have short term debt-paying problem.
Profitability
The gross profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on capital employed of K Kung’s business were 25% , 20% and 27.12% respectively. The gross profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on capital employed of B Kau’s business were 25% , 10% and 12.5% respectively. Despite the gross profit ratio of two business are same, K Kung’s business was more profitable, as reflected by its net profit ratio and higher return on capital employed .it’s higher mark-up(I.e. higher gross profit ratio)and lower expenses-to-sales ratio(i.e. higher net profit ratio)made it more profitable. This indicated that the company was more efficient in minimizing its operating expenses and for every $100 of long-term capital investment made in the business, more operating profit.
8.19b
Liquidity
The current ratio and quick ratio of Keith’s firm were 4:1 and 2:1 respectively. The current ratio and quick ratio of Nelson’s firm were 2:1 and 1.02:1 respectively.
Keith’s firm was more liquid, as reflected by its higher current ratio and quick ratio.
Nelson’s firm was less liquid than Keith’s firm. Its current ratio and quick ratio were lower than Keith’s firm. Keith’s firm might have difficulty meeting its short-term financial obligations if these ratios keep falling.
Profitability
The gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of Keith’s firm were 20% and 12% respectively. The gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of Nelson’s firm were 25% and 14% respectively. Nelson’s firm was more profitable, as reflected by its higher gross profit ratio and net profit ratio.it’s higher mark-up(I.e. higher gross profit ratio)and lower expenses-to-sales ratio(i.e. higher net profit ratio)made it more profitable.
8.20 c
Liquidity
The current ratio and quick ratio of the business were 3.26:1 and 1.94:1 respectively.Both ratio indicated the liquidity of the business was good and healthy, because they higher than the usual norm of the current ratio and and quick ratio were 2:1 and 1:1 respectively. It can be seen that even if the inventory cannot be liquidate, it will not affect the company's short-term repayment ability.
我完全在亂做 天呀
老師看了估計會想kill了我…….
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