#好书推荐#
唐代汴州——宣武軍節度使研究
作者: 曾賢熙
出版社: 花木蘭文化出版社
出版年: 2011-3
页数: 160
装帧: 精装
ISBN: 9789862544228
内容简介 · · · · · ·
唐代宣武軍節度使轄汴、宋、毫、穎四州,此四州居河、淮之間,地勢低平,水道縱橫,自古即為關中通東南地區的交通要道。隋煬帝開通濟渠,目的不僅為遊幸,至唐,通濟渠更成為轉輸東南財賦至西北的大動脈,汴、宋、毫三州為運河所經,唐長安政府對東南財賦的倚賴程度愈大,此區地位益形重要。
首都為首善之區,人文薈萃之地,隋唐政府以國防及政治因素,定都長安。關中地區地狹人稠,糧食常不能自給,至高宗、武后時,因對外用兵及官僚集團的膨脹,每遇飢荒,輒有就食東都之行。玄宗重視漕運,把關東的財賦區與關中的政治文化中心緊密的結合在一起,成就了大唐盛世。
安史之亂後,河北租賦不入王室,唐中央政府對東南地區糧食的需求轉殷,主控通濟渠運道的宣武軍節度使人選,甚受朝廷重視。河南、河北藩鎮叛亂時,本區為敵對雙方爭取的對象,吐蕃、南詔寇擾時,本區提供防秋、防冬之兵與糧。
黃巢之亂,竄擾中國幾半,兩京殘破,東南地區生產事業遭受重大打擊,唐政權漸步入衰亡。朱溫降唐,以宣武軍為基礎,經二十幾年的發展,陸續併吞鄰鎮,成為當時天下第一強藩,終於篡唐。朱溫定都汴州,從此中國政治中心東移,以全國經濟重心東移故也。
作者简介 · · · · · ·
曾賢熙,中國文化大學史學研究所博士,曾任大葉工學院共同科講師、副教授、大葉工學院教務處課務組主任,現任大葉大學造形藝術學系、通識教育中心合聘副教授。撰有《唐代前期(618-755)對安西四鎮的經營》(碩士論文,1983),《唐代汴州――宣武軍節度研究》(博士論文,1991),以及在期刊、研討會發表之論文30 餘篇。
目录 · · · · · ·
第一章 緒 論···························································· 1
第二章 宣武軍節度使的地理與人文························· 7
第一節 地理形勢······················································ 7
第二節 氣候與物產················································ 17
第三節 水陸交通···················································· 21
第四節 人文特色···················································· 30
第三章 關中本位政策下的宣武軍節度使··············· 33
第一節 隋唐時代的長安與洛陽····························· 33
第二節 唐代前期的宣武軍節度使·························· 39
第四章 藩鎮割據時期(肅宗~憲宗)的宣武軍
節度使·························································· 61
第一節 安史之亂時期的汴宋毫潁四州·················· 61
一、安史之亂的背景········································· 61
二、雍丘、宋州攻防戰····································· 64
三、運糧道的調整············································· 70
第二節 藩鎮抗命時期的宣武軍節度使·················· 74
一、繼承之戰·················································· 102
二、築城危機·················································· 107
三、運道爭奪戰·············································· 112
第三節 元和中興與宣武軍節度使························ 116
第五章 唐末的變亂與宣武軍節度使····················· 123
第一節 河朔復亂對宣武軍節度使的影響············ 123
第二節 劉稹之亂與宣武軍節度使························ 127
第三節 龐勛之亂與宣武軍節度使························ 130
一、東南地區人民的負擔······························· 130
二、龐勛之亂·················································· 132
第四節 黃巢之亂與朱溫篡唐······························· 135
一、黃巢之亂·················································· 135
二、朱溫的崛起·············································· 140
三、朱全忠與鄰鎮的交兵······························· 143
四、朱全忠篡唐·············································· 145
第六章 結 論························································ 149
參考書目···································································· 151
附 圖
圖一:中國歷史上各個時期基本經濟區位置圖··············· 3
圖二:宣武軍節度使轄區圖··········································· 8
圖三:宣武軍節度使所轄州縣圖·································· 10
圖四:宣武軍節度使區與周邊地理形勢圖···················· 11
圖五:宣武軍節度使轄區地形東西向剖面示意圖·········· 12
圖六:宣武軍節度使轄區地形南北向剖面示意圖·········· 13
圖七:開封附近的黃河剖面圖····································· 13
圖八:黃河六大變遷圖················································ 15
圖九:唐代黃河下游之經行圖····································· 16
圖十:黃河陝縣水文站水位流量曲線圖························ 19
圖十一:隋通濟渠略圖················································ 25
圖十二:唐代東都以東交通路線示意圖························ 27
圖十三:汴州與相州、魏州交通路線圖························ 29
圖十四:唐代安史之亂圖············································ 65
圖十五:唐代秦嶺山脈東段諸谷道圖··························· 71
圖十六:唐代黃巢之亂圖·········································· 138
附 表
表一:中國治水活動的歷史發展與地理分布的統計表····· 5
表二:唐代宣武軍節度使轄區渠道陂塘分布表············· 17
表三:黃淮平原的氣溫和雨量····································· 18
表四:唐代黃河南北諸道賦貢表·································· 21
表五:宣武軍節度使轄州州治與兩都鄰州州治里程表··· 30
表六:宣武軍節度轄區及其鄰區之風俗表···················· 31
表七:前漢至唐長安地區(渭水流域)人口統計表······ 35
表八:前漢至唐洛陽地區(洛水黃河流域)人口統計
表···································································· 35
表九:開皇天寶間戶口變化表····································· 43
表十:大業五年戶口地理分布表·································· 44
表十一:大業五年戶口密度分布表······························· 44
表十二:大業貞觀戶口地理分布比率比較表················· 46
表十三:貞觀中戶口密度分布表·································· 46
表十四:貞觀十三年與天寶元年戶口增減表················· 47
表十五:天寶元年人口密度分布表······························· 48
表十六:大業貞觀天寶年間各道戶口增減百分比表······ 49
表十七:唐代前期(618~755)部分州府長官任期表··· 52
表十八:唐代汴州刺史表(618~755)························ 54
表十九:唐代宋州刺史表(618~755)························ 57
表二十:唐代毫州刺史表(618~755)························ 59
表二十一:唐代泗州刺史表(618~755) ···················· 60
表二十二:淮南節度使表············································ 77
表二十三:武寧軍節度使表········································· 80
表二十四:宣武軍節度使表········································· 83
表二十五:忠武軍節度使表········································· 87
表二十六:義成節度使表············································ 91
表二十七:河陽節度使表············································ 95
表二十八:陝虢都防禦觀察處置等使表························ 98
表二十九:代宗德宗時各節度使內亂表······················ 105
唐代汴州——宣武軍節度使研究
作者: 曾賢熙
出版社: 花木蘭文化出版社
出版年: 2011-3
页数: 160
装帧: 精装
ISBN: 9789862544228
内容简介 · · · · · ·
唐代宣武軍節度使轄汴、宋、毫、穎四州,此四州居河、淮之間,地勢低平,水道縱橫,自古即為關中通東南地區的交通要道。隋煬帝開通濟渠,目的不僅為遊幸,至唐,通濟渠更成為轉輸東南財賦至西北的大動脈,汴、宋、毫三州為運河所經,唐長安政府對東南財賦的倚賴程度愈大,此區地位益形重要。
首都為首善之區,人文薈萃之地,隋唐政府以國防及政治因素,定都長安。關中地區地狹人稠,糧食常不能自給,至高宗、武后時,因對外用兵及官僚集團的膨脹,每遇飢荒,輒有就食東都之行。玄宗重視漕運,把關東的財賦區與關中的政治文化中心緊密的結合在一起,成就了大唐盛世。
安史之亂後,河北租賦不入王室,唐中央政府對東南地區糧食的需求轉殷,主控通濟渠運道的宣武軍節度使人選,甚受朝廷重視。河南、河北藩鎮叛亂時,本區為敵對雙方爭取的對象,吐蕃、南詔寇擾時,本區提供防秋、防冬之兵與糧。
黃巢之亂,竄擾中國幾半,兩京殘破,東南地區生產事業遭受重大打擊,唐政權漸步入衰亡。朱溫降唐,以宣武軍為基礎,經二十幾年的發展,陸續併吞鄰鎮,成為當時天下第一強藩,終於篡唐。朱溫定都汴州,從此中國政治中心東移,以全國經濟重心東移故也。
作者简介 · · · · · ·
曾賢熙,中國文化大學史學研究所博士,曾任大葉工學院共同科講師、副教授、大葉工學院教務處課務組主任,現任大葉大學造形藝術學系、通識教育中心合聘副教授。撰有《唐代前期(618-755)對安西四鎮的經營》(碩士論文,1983),《唐代汴州――宣武軍節度研究》(博士論文,1991),以及在期刊、研討會發表之論文30 餘篇。
目录 · · · · · ·
第一章 緒 論···························································· 1
第二章 宣武軍節度使的地理與人文························· 7
第一節 地理形勢······················································ 7
第二節 氣候與物產················································ 17
第三節 水陸交通···················································· 21
第四節 人文特色···················································· 30
第三章 關中本位政策下的宣武軍節度使··············· 33
第一節 隋唐時代的長安與洛陽····························· 33
第二節 唐代前期的宣武軍節度使·························· 39
第四章 藩鎮割據時期(肅宗~憲宗)的宣武軍
節度使·························································· 61
第一節 安史之亂時期的汴宋毫潁四州·················· 61
一、安史之亂的背景········································· 61
二、雍丘、宋州攻防戰····································· 64
三、運糧道的調整············································· 70
第二節 藩鎮抗命時期的宣武軍節度使·················· 74
一、繼承之戰·················································· 102
二、築城危機·················································· 107
三、運道爭奪戰·············································· 112
第三節 元和中興與宣武軍節度使························ 116
第五章 唐末的變亂與宣武軍節度使····················· 123
第一節 河朔復亂對宣武軍節度使的影響············ 123
第二節 劉稹之亂與宣武軍節度使························ 127
第三節 龐勛之亂與宣武軍節度使························ 130
一、東南地區人民的負擔······························· 130
二、龐勛之亂·················································· 132
第四節 黃巢之亂與朱溫篡唐······························· 135
一、黃巢之亂·················································· 135
二、朱溫的崛起·············································· 140
三、朱全忠與鄰鎮的交兵······························· 143
四、朱全忠篡唐·············································· 145
第六章 結 論························································ 149
參考書目···································································· 151
附 圖
圖一:中國歷史上各個時期基本經濟區位置圖··············· 3
圖二:宣武軍節度使轄區圖··········································· 8
圖三:宣武軍節度使所轄州縣圖·································· 10
圖四:宣武軍節度使區與周邊地理形勢圖···················· 11
圖五:宣武軍節度使轄區地形東西向剖面示意圖·········· 12
圖六:宣武軍節度使轄區地形南北向剖面示意圖·········· 13
圖七:開封附近的黃河剖面圖····································· 13
圖八:黃河六大變遷圖················································ 15
圖九:唐代黃河下游之經行圖····································· 16
圖十:黃河陝縣水文站水位流量曲線圖························ 19
圖十一:隋通濟渠略圖················································ 25
圖十二:唐代東都以東交通路線示意圖························ 27
圖十三:汴州與相州、魏州交通路線圖························ 29
圖十四:唐代安史之亂圖············································ 65
圖十五:唐代秦嶺山脈東段諸谷道圖··························· 71
圖十六:唐代黃巢之亂圖·········································· 138
附 表
表一:中國治水活動的歷史發展與地理分布的統計表····· 5
表二:唐代宣武軍節度使轄區渠道陂塘分布表············· 17
表三:黃淮平原的氣溫和雨量····································· 18
表四:唐代黃河南北諸道賦貢表·································· 21
表五:宣武軍節度使轄州州治與兩都鄰州州治里程表··· 30
表六:宣武軍節度轄區及其鄰區之風俗表···················· 31
表七:前漢至唐長安地區(渭水流域)人口統計表······ 35
表八:前漢至唐洛陽地區(洛水黃河流域)人口統計
表···································································· 35
表九:開皇天寶間戶口變化表····································· 43
表十:大業五年戶口地理分布表·································· 44
表十一:大業五年戶口密度分布表······························· 44
表十二:大業貞觀戶口地理分布比率比較表················· 46
表十三:貞觀中戶口密度分布表·································· 46
表十四:貞觀十三年與天寶元年戶口增減表················· 47
表十五:天寶元年人口密度分布表······························· 48
表十六:大業貞觀天寶年間各道戶口增減百分比表······ 49
表十七:唐代前期(618~755)部分州府長官任期表··· 52
表十八:唐代汴州刺史表(618~755)························ 54
表十九:唐代宋州刺史表(618~755)························ 57
表二十:唐代毫州刺史表(618~755)························ 59
表二十一:唐代泗州刺史表(618~755) ···················· 60
表二十二:淮南節度使表············································ 77
表二十三:武寧軍節度使表········································· 80
表二十四:宣武軍節度使表········································· 83
表二十五:忠武軍節度使表········································· 87
表二十六:義成節度使表············································ 91
表二十七:河陽節度使表············································ 95
表二十八:陝虢都防禦觀察處置等使表························ 98
表二十九:代宗德宗時各節度使內亂表······················ 105
#暖心开封# 【市十七中为防疫一线工作人员送上“清凉大礼包”】 8月10日上午,由市十七中校长王书奇、党支部书记郭国聚等人组成慰问组,到星云社区开展慰问疫情防控一线工作人员活动,为坚守在疫情防控一线的党员干部和志愿者们送上“清凉大礼包”,表达对抗疫一线工作者的崇高敬意,全力支持疫情防控工作。
市十七中慰问组一行来到星云社区防疫值守点,为工作人员送上防暑用品,详细了解疫情防控一线的工作情况。他们叮嘱工作人员要提高自我保护意识,切实保障自身健康安全。慰问活动传递着满满的爱和正能量,给奋战在酷暑里的一线的值守人员带来了丝丝清凉和鼓舞。(全媒体记者宋献霞)
市十七中慰问组一行来到星云社区防疫值守点,为工作人员送上防暑用品,详细了解疫情防控一线的工作情况。他们叮嘱工作人员要提高自我保护意识,切实保障自身健康安全。慰问活动传递着满满的爱和正能量,给奋战在酷暑里的一线的值守人员带来了丝丝清凉和鼓舞。(全媒体记者宋献霞)
《魁本袖珍方大全》(明刻本)
《袖珍方》是在明代朱橚主持及授意下,由周王府李恒编撰的一部方书。其成书有着特殊的历史背景,与朱橚被贬云南有关。朱橚(1361-1425)。明太祖朱元璋第五子,明成祖朱棣的胞弟。洪武三年(1370)封吴王,洪武十一年(1378)改封为周王,十四年(1381)就藩开封。洪武二十二年(1389)冬,因擅自离开封地到凤阳而获罪,被太祖下令迁往云南,洪武二十四年(1391)底获准回到开封。此后三十余年间,组织编著有《保生余录》、《袖珍方》、《普济方》和《救荒本草》等作品,对我国西南边陲医药事业的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
朱橚在云南时,目睹当地缺医少药、民病则祭神祀鬼的现状,感喟里无良医,或执偏僻之见、殊异之方,致死者多矣。因令良医所李恒等搜集前人医方及经验方,以小字板刻印刊行,名“袖珍”。袖者,易于出入,便于携带;珍者,方之妙选,医之至宝,故名《袖珍》。
朱橚在洪武二十四年《袖珍方》初编自序曰:“迩来云南一载有余,询及医书,十无七八。察其人病,或祭神祀鬼;间有病者求药,而里无良医;或恣其偏僻之见,求为殊异之方,造次用行,死者多矣。呜呼!诚医书之不全。故乃于暇日,集录经验诸方,始成一书,名之日《袖珍》。盖取袖中所藏之宝,又便于检阅也。命工刊梓,以广其传。庶使医者有所稽,病者有所济云尔者。洪武二十四年八月望日序。”在永乐十三年重修《袖珍方》时又序曰:“予当弱冠之年,每念医药,可以救天伤之命,可以延老疾之生。尝令集《保生余录》《普济》等方,方虽浩瀚,编辑多讹。至洪武庚午,寓居滇阳。知彼夷方,山岚瘴疟,感疾者多。惜乎不毛之地,里无良医。由是收集诸方,得家传应效者,令本府良医编类,锓诸小板,分为四卷,方计三千七十七,门八十一,名曰《袖珍》。
此《魁本袖珍方大全》四卷,明弘治十八年乙丑(1505)罗氏集贤堂刻本。此书四卷(以“文”、“行”、“忠”、“信”为卷名),分八十一门,收方三千零七十七首。各门均以病为纲,先列六淫所致疾病,次列内因所致杂病,再列诸虫及五官、痈疽疮疖、折伤、急救诸方,后以妇人、小儿诸疾为题,类集诸方。每病之前有论说,述病因诊治及治疗大法,后附诸方,多切实用。
《袖珍方》自云南初刻之后,永乐十三年再次刊刻,此后翻刻者众。王重民《中国善本书提要》:“《魁本袖珍方大全》四卷八册(北图)。明刻本。十六行三十字(18.1×12.2)。原书不著撰人姓氏名。卷末附贴顾之逵致黄丕烈札,谓为宋麻沙所刻,未知出自何人之手,则不考之甚矣。持校正德间翻刻周定王朱橚《袖珍方》,文字全同,当即其书,特佚去序跋耳。盖《袖珍方》原刻为袖珍本,此改为大本,故加‘魁本’二字。惜无年月,然相其刀迹,犹正德以前所刻者。”
国图藏本缺失较多,日本大阪府立图书馆藏有全本,惜公布的图像质量太差。大阪藏本首为扉页,下栏为三皇像,上栏为三皇赞。次为洪武二十四年(1391)“魁本青囊杂纂袖珍方大全序”。序后有牌记“弘治癸亥仲春吉旦清江书堂校正新刊”。次为永乐乙未(1415)序。据二序所述,周定王朱橚乃撰序者,然未署名。次为总目。次为正文。各卷前有图和该卷详目。卷首题书名“魁本袖珍方大全”及卷次,无责任人署名。卷四之末有牌记“皇明弘治甲子仲春罗氏集贤书堂新刊”。此本序后与书末各有一牌记,所署年代均为弘治间,一为癸亥,一为甲子,先后差一年,今以最晚之年确定该书版本为弘治甲子(1504)刊本,乃罗氏集贤书堂所刊。序后及书末所载刻书堂号不同,当为清江书堂刊刻在先。其书堂主人为杨姓,弘治五年(1492)刻李恒《新刊袖珍方》(半叶十六行,行二十六字),嘉靖十八年(1539)刻印李恒《魁本袖珍方大全》(半叶十七行,行二十三字)。此本乃弘治甲子罗氏集贤书堂在清江书堂刻本的基础上,予以重刻,或是杨氏将书版售与罗氏,罗氏刻上自己书堂版记。
《袖珍方》是在明代朱橚主持及授意下,由周王府李恒编撰的一部方书。其成书有着特殊的历史背景,与朱橚被贬云南有关。朱橚(1361-1425)。明太祖朱元璋第五子,明成祖朱棣的胞弟。洪武三年(1370)封吴王,洪武十一年(1378)改封为周王,十四年(1381)就藩开封。洪武二十二年(1389)冬,因擅自离开封地到凤阳而获罪,被太祖下令迁往云南,洪武二十四年(1391)底获准回到开封。此后三十余年间,组织编著有《保生余录》、《袖珍方》、《普济方》和《救荒本草》等作品,对我国西南边陲医药事业的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
朱橚在云南时,目睹当地缺医少药、民病则祭神祀鬼的现状,感喟里无良医,或执偏僻之见、殊异之方,致死者多矣。因令良医所李恒等搜集前人医方及经验方,以小字板刻印刊行,名“袖珍”。袖者,易于出入,便于携带;珍者,方之妙选,医之至宝,故名《袖珍》。
朱橚在洪武二十四年《袖珍方》初编自序曰:“迩来云南一载有余,询及医书,十无七八。察其人病,或祭神祀鬼;间有病者求药,而里无良医;或恣其偏僻之见,求为殊异之方,造次用行,死者多矣。呜呼!诚医书之不全。故乃于暇日,集录经验诸方,始成一书,名之日《袖珍》。盖取袖中所藏之宝,又便于检阅也。命工刊梓,以广其传。庶使医者有所稽,病者有所济云尔者。洪武二十四年八月望日序。”在永乐十三年重修《袖珍方》时又序曰:“予当弱冠之年,每念医药,可以救天伤之命,可以延老疾之生。尝令集《保生余录》《普济》等方,方虽浩瀚,编辑多讹。至洪武庚午,寓居滇阳。知彼夷方,山岚瘴疟,感疾者多。惜乎不毛之地,里无良医。由是收集诸方,得家传应效者,令本府良医编类,锓诸小板,分为四卷,方计三千七十七,门八十一,名曰《袖珍》。
此《魁本袖珍方大全》四卷,明弘治十八年乙丑(1505)罗氏集贤堂刻本。此书四卷(以“文”、“行”、“忠”、“信”为卷名),分八十一门,收方三千零七十七首。各门均以病为纲,先列六淫所致疾病,次列内因所致杂病,再列诸虫及五官、痈疽疮疖、折伤、急救诸方,后以妇人、小儿诸疾为题,类集诸方。每病之前有论说,述病因诊治及治疗大法,后附诸方,多切实用。
《袖珍方》自云南初刻之后,永乐十三年再次刊刻,此后翻刻者众。王重民《中国善本书提要》:“《魁本袖珍方大全》四卷八册(北图)。明刻本。十六行三十字(18.1×12.2)。原书不著撰人姓氏名。卷末附贴顾之逵致黄丕烈札,谓为宋麻沙所刻,未知出自何人之手,则不考之甚矣。持校正德间翻刻周定王朱橚《袖珍方》,文字全同,当即其书,特佚去序跋耳。盖《袖珍方》原刻为袖珍本,此改为大本,故加‘魁本’二字。惜无年月,然相其刀迹,犹正德以前所刻者。”
国图藏本缺失较多,日本大阪府立图书馆藏有全本,惜公布的图像质量太差。大阪藏本首为扉页,下栏为三皇像,上栏为三皇赞。次为洪武二十四年(1391)“魁本青囊杂纂袖珍方大全序”。序后有牌记“弘治癸亥仲春吉旦清江书堂校正新刊”。次为永乐乙未(1415)序。据二序所述,周定王朱橚乃撰序者,然未署名。次为总目。次为正文。各卷前有图和该卷详目。卷首题书名“魁本袖珍方大全”及卷次,无责任人署名。卷四之末有牌记“皇明弘治甲子仲春罗氏集贤书堂新刊”。此本序后与书末各有一牌记,所署年代均为弘治间,一为癸亥,一为甲子,先后差一年,今以最晚之年确定该书版本为弘治甲子(1504)刊本,乃罗氏集贤书堂所刊。序后及书末所载刻书堂号不同,当为清江书堂刊刻在先。其书堂主人为杨姓,弘治五年(1492)刻李恒《新刊袖珍方》(半叶十六行,行二十六字),嘉靖十八年(1539)刻印李恒《魁本袖珍方大全》(半叶十七行,行二十三字)。此本乃弘治甲子罗氏集贤书堂在清江书堂刻本的基础上,予以重刻,或是杨氏将书版售与罗氏,罗氏刻上自己书堂版记。
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