#双语阅读#【古文里的高级审美词汇，怎样翻译成英文？】品佳作，赞盛景，本想脱口而出，奈何词穷无言。中华文化广而博，这里整理了一些古文中高级审美词汇表达，学起来吧！
1.洗炼 Terseness / Make Writing Succinct
精简词句，提炼要义。洗炼是一种文字干净、主旨鲜明的文学风格。
This term means that wording should be refined to highlight the essential message. Terseness is a mark of neat and thematically explicit writing.
▌引例
不洗不净，不炼不纯。惟陈言之务去，独戛戛乎生新。（孙联奎《诗品臆说》）
Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, can we become truly original.
2.雄浑 Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste.
▌引例
大力无敌为雄，元气未分为浑。（杨廷芝《 <二十四诗品> 浅解》）
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy.
3.纯素 Pure and Unadorned
纯粹而素朴。指纯然素朴、不加人工雕饰的本色之美。
This term refers to natural, unadorned beauty.
▌引例
纯素之道，惟神是守。守而勿失，与神为一。 （《庄子·刻意》）
Within spiritual being lies the value of pure simplicity. If you retain your spirit without fail, you became one with it.
4.隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
This term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty.
▌引例
情在词外曰隐，状溢目前曰秀。 （张戒《岁寒堂诗话》卷上引刘勰语）
Latency happens when feelings and thoughts are hidden between the lines of a literary work. Evident beauty occurs when messages of sentiment and feelings are vividly portrayed by the images the author creates.
5.飘逸 Natural Grace
指诗歌作品中所表现出的逍遥自适、超凡脱俗、无拘无束的审美情趣和艺术风格。
Natural Grace refers to free and unconstrained aesthetic style and artistic appeal in poetic works.
▌引例
子美不能为太白之飘逸，太白不能为子美之沉郁。 （严羽《沧浪诗话·诗评》）
Du Fu could not write as freely and unconstrained as Li Bai, while the latter did not possess the style of melancholy and profoundness typical of Du Fu’s poems.
6.空灵 Ethereal Effect
空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。
The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
▌引例
古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）
When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense collection of objects normally was required. However today’s artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.
7.枯淡 Dry Plainness
指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。
This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.
枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。
▌引例
所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）
I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.
8.畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind
指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。
The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully with nature.
▌引例
圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）
As sages of remote past already discovered the philosophical wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted landscape.
9.高古 Unadorned Antiquity
高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。
This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive simplicity, and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration or sentiment, or an artistic style of historical gravity.
它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。
This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained by noble-minded persons.
▌引例
汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）
Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity.
10.气象 Prevailing Features
原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。
Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.
具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。
▌引例
盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）
Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing.（内容来源于中国日报网英语点津）
1.洗炼 Terseness / Make Writing Succinct
精简词句，提炼要义。洗炼是一种文字干净、主旨鲜明的文学风格。
This term means that wording should be refined to highlight the essential message. Terseness is a mark of neat and thematically explicit writing.
▌引例
不洗不净，不炼不纯。惟陈言之务去，独戛戛乎生新。（孙联奎《诗品臆说》）
Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, can we become truly original.
2.雄浑 Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste.
▌引例
大力无敌为雄，元气未分为浑。（杨廷芝《 <二十四诗品> 浅解》）
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy.
3.纯素 Pure and Unadorned
纯粹而素朴。指纯然素朴、不加人工雕饰的本色之美。
This term refers to natural, unadorned beauty.
▌引例
纯素之道，惟神是守。守而勿失，与神为一。 （《庄子·刻意》）
Within spiritual being lies the value of pure simplicity. If you retain your spirit without fail, you became one with it.
4.隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
This term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty.
▌引例
情在词外曰隐，状溢目前曰秀。 （张戒《岁寒堂诗话》卷上引刘勰语）
Latency happens when feelings and thoughts are hidden between the lines of a literary work. Evident beauty occurs when messages of sentiment and feelings are vividly portrayed by the images the author creates.
5.飘逸 Natural Grace
指诗歌作品中所表现出的逍遥自适、超凡脱俗、无拘无束的审美情趣和艺术风格。
Natural Grace refers to free and unconstrained aesthetic style and artistic appeal in poetic works.
▌引例
子美不能为太白之飘逸，太白不能为子美之沉郁。 （严羽《沧浪诗话·诗评》）
Du Fu could not write as freely and unconstrained as Li Bai, while the latter did not possess the style of melancholy and profoundness typical of Du Fu’s poems.
6.空灵 Ethereal Effect
空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。
The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
▌引例
古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）
When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense collection of objects normally was required. However today’s artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.
7.枯淡 Dry Plainness
指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。
This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.
枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。
▌引例
所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）
I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.
8.畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind
指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。
The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully with nature.
▌引例
圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）
As sages of remote past already discovered the philosophical wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted landscape.
9.高古 Unadorned Antiquity
高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。
This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive simplicity, and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration or sentiment, or an artistic style of historical gravity.
它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。
This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained by noble-minded persons.
▌引例
汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）
Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity.
10.气象 Prevailing Features
原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。
Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.
具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。
▌引例
盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）
Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing.（内容来源于中国日报网英语点津）
#今日生日花#
3月20日 生日花：野生紫萝兰（Common Dog Violet）
花语：整洁（Neat）
野生紫罗兰和紫色三色堇好像，配图不确定对不对[苦涩]
据希/腊神话记述，爱神维纳斯，因情人远行，依依惜别，晶莹的泪珠滴落到泥土上，第二年春天竟然发芽生枝，开出一朵朵美丽芳香的花儿来，这就是紫罗兰。
紫罗兰原产欧/洲南部，在欧/美各国极为流行并深受喜爱。它的花有淡淡幽香，欧洲人用它制成香水，倍受女士们青睐。在中世/纪的德/国南部还有一种风俗，把每年第一束新采的紫罗兰高挂船桅，祝贺春返人间。
野生紫罗兰和同种类的石南堇相比之下，会显得花色较淡薄。和另一种相近的香甜紫罗兰相比之下，香味又淡得几乎没有。令人不禁想起红颜薄命这句话，因此野生紫罗兰的花语另一花语就bo命。
凡是受到这种花祝福而出生的人美是美，但给人的存在感却很薄弱，容易被人忽视
3月20日 生日花：野生紫萝兰（Common Dog Violet）
花语：整洁（Neat）
野生紫罗兰和紫色三色堇好像，配图不确定对不对[苦涩]
据希/腊神话记述，爱神维纳斯，因情人远行，依依惜别，晶莹的泪珠滴落到泥土上，第二年春天竟然发芽生枝，开出一朵朵美丽芳香的花儿来，这就是紫罗兰。
紫罗兰原产欧/洲南部，在欧/美各国极为流行并深受喜爱。它的花有淡淡幽香，欧洲人用它制成香水，倍受女士们青睐。在中世/纪的德/国南部还有一种风俗，把每年第一束新采的紫罗兰高挂船桅，祝贺春返人间。
野生紫罗兰和同种类的石南堇相比之下，会显得花色较淡薄。和另一种相近的香甜紫罗兰相比之下，香味又淡得几乎没有。令人不禁想起红颜薄命这句话，因此野生紫罗兰的花语另一花语就bo命。
凡是受到这种花祝福而出生的人美是美，但给人的存在感却很薄弱，容易被人忽视
【宋韵·西昆体】西昆体是宋初诗坛上声势最盛的一个诗歌流派，它以《西昆酬唱集》而得名，是以杨亿为首的17位宋初馆阁文臣互相唱和、点缀升平的诗歌总集。它是晚唐五代诗风的沿续，艺术上大多师法晚唐诗人李商隐，片面发展了李商隐追求形式美的倾向。其诗音调铿锵、辞藻华丽、声律和谐、对仗工整，呈现出整饬、典丽的艺术特征。但总体上看，西昆体诗思想内容贫乏空虚，脱离社会现实，缺乏真情实感。诗人中成就较高的有杨亿、刘筠、钱惟演。
Xikun style was the most powerful poetic schools in the poetic circles of the early Song Dynasty. It was named after "Xikun Singing Collection"，which was a general collection of poems with Yang Yi and other 16 literary ministers of the early Song Dynasty,embellished reality with their poems to each other .The Collection continue the poetry style of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Most of the poets model themself after Li Shangyin in their poems and unilaterally developed Li Shangyin's tendency to pursue formal beauty. The poems was sonorous, gorgeous, harmonious rhythm and neat antithesis, presenting the artistic characteristics of neat and classic.On the whole, Xikun style poetry was poor and empty in ideological content, divorced from the social reality, and lack of true feelings.Among the poets of Xikun style, only Yang Yi, Liu Yun and Qian Weiyan got more achievement.
Xikun style was the most powerful poetic schools in the poetic circles of the early Song Dynasty. It was named after "Xikun Singing Collection"，which was a general collection of poems with Yang Yi and other 16 literary ministers of the early Song Dynasty,embellished reality with their poems to each other .The Collection continue the poetry style of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Most of the poets model themself after Li Shangyin in their poems and unilaterally developed Li Shangyin's tendency to pursue formal beauty. The poems was sonorous, gorgeous, harmonious rhythm and neat antithesis, presenting the artistic characteristics of neat and classic.On the whole, Xikun style poetry was poor and empty in ideological content, divorced from the social reality, and lack of true feelings.Among the poets of Xikun style, only Yang Yi, Liu Yun and Qian Weiyan got more achievement.
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