#双语阅读#【古文里的高级审美词汇，怎样翻译成英文？】品佳作，赞盛景，本想脱口而出，奈何词穷无言。中华文化广而博，这里整理了一些古文中高级审美词汇表达，学起来吧！
1.洗炼 Terseness / Make Writing Succinct
精简词句，提炼要义。洗炼是一种文字干净、主旨鲜明的文学风格。
This term means that wording should be refined to highlight the essential message. Terseness is a mark of neat and thematically explicit writing.
▌引例
不洗不净，不炼不纯。惟陈言之务去，独戛戛乎生新。（孙联奎《诗品臆说》）
Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, can we become truly original.
2.雄浑 Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste.
▌引例
大力无敌为雄，元气未分为浑。（杨廷芝《 <二十四诗品> 浅解》）
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy.
3.纯素 Pure and Unadorned
纯粹而素朴。指纯然素朴、不加人工雕饰的本色之美。
This term refers to natural, unadorned beauty.
▌引例
纯素之道，惟神是守。守而勿失，与神为一。 （《庄子·刻意》）
Within spiritual being lies the value of pure simplicity. If you retain your spirit without fail, you became one with it.
4.隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
This term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty.
▌引例
情在词外曰隐，状溢目前曰秀。 （张戒《岁寒堂诗话》卷上引刘勰语）
Latency happens when feelings and thoughts are hidden between the lines of a literary work. Evident beauty occurs when messages of sentiment and feelings are vividly portrayed by the images the author creates.
5.飘逸 Natural Grace
指诗歌作品中所表现出的逍遥自适、超凡脱俗、无拘无束的审美情趣和艺术风格。
Natural Grace refers to free and unconstrained aesthetic style and artistic appeal in poetic works.
▌引例
子美不能为太白之飘逸，太白不能为子美之沉郁。 （严羽《沧浪诗话·诗评》）
Du Fu could not write as freely and unconstrained as Li Bai, while the latter did not possess the style of melancholy and profoundness typical of Du Fu’s poems.
6.空灵 Ethereal Effect
空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。
The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
▌引例
古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）
When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense collection of objects normally was required. However today’s artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.
7.枯淡 Dry Plainness
指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。
This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.
枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。
▌引例
所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）
I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.
8.畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind
指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。
The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully with nature.
▌引例
圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）
As sages of remote past already discovered the philosophical wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted landscape.
9.高古 Unadorned Antiquity
高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。
This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive simplicity, and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration or sentiment, or an artistic style of historical gravity.
它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。
This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained by noble-minded persons.
▌引例
汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）
Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity.
10.气象 Prevailing Features
原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。
Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.
具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。
▌引例
盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）
Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing.（内容来源于中国日报网英语点津）
1.洗炼 Terseness / Make Writing Succinct
精简词句，提炼要义。洗炼是一种文字干净、主旨鲜明的文学风格。
This term means that wording should be refined to highlight the essential message. Terseness is a mark of neat and thematically explicit writing.
▌引例
不洗不净，不炼不纯。惟陈言之务去，独戛戛乎生新。（孙联奎《诗品臆说》）
Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, can we become truly original.
2.雄浑 Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste.
▌引例
大力无敌为雄，元气未分为浑。（杨廷芝《 <二十四诗品> 浅解》）
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy.
3.纯素 Pure and Unadorned
纯粹而素朴。指纯然素朴、不加人工雕饰的本色之美。
This term refers to natural, unadorned beauty.
▌引例
纯素之道，惟神是守。守而勿失，与神为一。 （《庄子·刻意》）
Within spiritual being lies the value of pure simplicity. If you retain your spirit without fail, you became one with it.
4.隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
This term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty.
▌引例
情在词外曰隐，状溢目前曰秀。 （张戒《岁寒堂诗话》卷上引刘勰语）
Latency happens when feelings and thoughts are hidden between the lines of a literary work. Evident beauty occurs when messages of sentiment and feelings are vividly portrayed by the images the author creates.
5.飘逸 Natural Grace
指诗歌作品中所表现出的逍遥自适、超凡脱俗、无拘无束的审美情趣和艺术风格。
Natural Grace refers to free and unconstrained aesthetic style and artistic appeal in poetic works.
▌引例
子美不能为太白之飘逸，太白不能为子美之沉郁。 （严羽《沧浪诗话·诗评》）
Du Fu could not write as freely and unconstrained as Li Bai, while the latter did not possess the style of melancholy and profoundness typical of Du Fu’s poems.
6.空灵 Ethereal Effect
空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。
The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
▌引例
古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）
When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense collection of objects normally was required. However today’s artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.
7.枯淡 Dry Plainness
指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。
This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.
枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。
▌引例
所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）
I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.
8.畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind
指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。
The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully with nature.
▌引例
圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）
As sages of remote past already discovered the philosophical wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted landscape.
9.高古 Unadorned Antiquity
高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。
This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive simplicity, and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration or sentiment, or an artistic style of historical gravity.
它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。
This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained by noble-minded persons.
▌引例
汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）
Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity.
10.气象 Prevailing Features
原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。
Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.
具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。
▌引例
盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）
Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing.（内容来源于中国日报网英语点津）
#河南专升本考试[超话]# [给你小心心]#河南专升本语文#
【专升本—语文】 2022年专升本考试大学语文历年真题（10）!
三、词语解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
26．两涘渚崖之间，不辩牛马 涘
27．举天下之豪杰，莫能与之争 举
28．券遍合，起，矫命以责赐诸民 矫命
29．力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝 逝
30．翰以文章自名，为此传颇详密 自名
31．凡植木之性，其本欲舒，其培欲平，其土欲故 故
32．臣愿王孰图之也 孰图
33．外祖不二日使人问遗 问遗
34．迨半奏，引商刻羽，抗坠疾徐，并称善也 疾徐
35．以致使“想出名”这一声名狼藉的念头也多少改变了一点形象 声名狼藉
四、简析题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分)
36．阅读《咬文嚼字》中的一段话，回答问题：
韩愈谈他自己做古文，“惟陈言之务去”。这是一句最紧要的教训。语言跟着思想情感走，你不肯用俗滥的语言，自然也就不肯用俗滥的思想情感，你遇事就会朝深一层去想，你的文章也就真正是“作”出来的，不至落入下乘。
A．作者为什么要引用韩愈的这一句话?
B．韩愈之言在本文中是论点还是论据?
C．韩愈所说的“陈言”，在这篇文章中又被称为什么?
37．阅读《种树郭橐驼传》中的一段文字，回答问题：
问者曰：“以子之道，移之官理，可乎?”驼曰：“我知种树而已，理，非吾业也。然吾居乡，见长人者好烦其令，若甚怜焉，而卒以祸。旦暮吏来而呼曰：‘官命促尔耕，勖尔植，督尔获；早缫而绪，早织而缕；字而幼孩，遂而鸡豚。’鸣鼓而聚之，击木而召之。吾小人辍飧饔以劳吏者，且不得暇，又何以蕃吾生而安吾性耶?故病且怠。若是，则与吾业者，其亦有类乎?”
问者嘻曰：“不亦善夫!吾问养树，得养人术。”
A．本段文字所采用的说理方法是什么?并加以说明。
B．《种树郭橐驼传》中曾写到“他植者”，请指出本段文字中与之相对的人及事。
C．文中“问者”所得之“养人术’’的内容是什么?
38．阅读《纪念傅雷》中的一段文字，回答问题：
一九六六年八月下旬，我已经在里弄里被“示众”过了。想到傅雷，不知他这一次如何“怒法”。就在一个傍晚，踱到他门口去看看。只见他家门口贴满了大字报，门窗紧闭，真是“鸦雀无声”。
A．本段文字最后一句话使用了哪种描写方法?
B．“不知他这一次如何‘怒法’”表达了作者怎样的心境?
C．本段中三个词语被加上了引号，显示出什么样的语言风格特点?
最后，小赛也给大家准备了福利，私信小赛即可获取完整版《专升本考试语文真题汇编》及答案![给你小心心][给你小心心][给你小心心]
【专升本—语文】 2022年专升本考试大学语文历年真题（10）!
三、词语解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
26．两涘渚崖之间，不辩牛马 涘
27．举天下之豪杰，莫能与之争 举
28．券遍合，起，矫命以责赐诸民 矫命
29．力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝 逝
30．翰以文章自名，为此传颇详密 自名
31．凡植木之性，其本欲舒，其培欲平，其土欲故 故
32．臣愿王孰图之也 孰图
33．外祖不二日使人问遗 问遗
34．迨半奏，引商刻羽，抗坠疾徐，并称善也 疾徐
35．以致使“想出名”这一声名狼藉的念头也多少改变了一点形象 声名狼藉
四、简析题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分)
36．阅读《咬文嚼字》中的一段话，回答问题：
韩愈谈他自己做古文，“惟陈言之务去”。这是一句最紧要的教训。语言跟着思想情感走，你不肯用俗滥的语言，自然也就不肯用俗滥的思想情感，你遇事就会朝深一层去想，你的文章也就真正是“作”出来的，不至落入下乘。
A．作者为什么要引用韩愈的这一句话?
B．韩愈之言在本文中是论点还是论据?
C．韩愈所说的“陈言”，在这篇文章中又被称为什么?
37．阅读《种树郭橐驼传》中的一段文字，回答问题：
问者曰：“以子之道，移之官理，可乎?”驼曰：“我知种树而已，理，非吾业也。然吾居乡，见长人者好烦其令，若甚怜焉，而卒以祸。旦暮吏来而呼曰：‘官命促尔耕，勖尔植，督尔获；早缫而绪，早织而缕；字而幼孩，遂而鸡豚。’鸣鼓而聚之，击木而召之。吾小人辍飧饔以劳吏者，且不得暇，又何以蕃吾生而安吾性耶?故病且怠。若是，则与吾业者，其亦有类乎?”
问者嘻曰：“不亦善夫!吾问养树，得养人术。”
A．本段文字所采用的说理方法是什么?并加以说明。
B．《种树郭橐驼传》中曾写到“他植者”，请指出本段文字中与之相对的人及事。
C．文中“问者”所得之“养人术’’的内容是什么?
38．阅读《纪念傅雷》中的一段文字，回答问题：
一九六六年八月下旬，我已经在里弄里被“示众”过了。想到傅雷，不知他这一次如何“怒法”。就在一个傍晚，踱到他门口去看看。只见他家门口贴满了大字报，门窗紧闭，真是“鸦雀无声”。
A．本段文字最后一句话使用了哪种描写方法?
B．“不知他这一次如何‘怒法’”表达了作者怎样的心境?
C．本段中三个词语被加上了引号，显示出什么样的语言风格特点?
最后，小赛也给大家准备了福利，私信小赛即可获取完整版《专升本考试语文真题汇编》及答案![给你小心心][给你小心心][给你小心心]
专升本文学常识必看（2）
唐宋古文八大家之首是:韩愈
主张文章应“惟陈言之务去”的文学家是韩愈
代表唐代散文最高成就的作家是韩愈、柳宗元
《马伶传》的作者是侯方域
属于人物传记的是侯方域《马伶传》
侯方域在《马伶传》中说马伶为提高演技“乃走事昆山”
这里“昆山”所用的修辞格是借代
#专升本语文# #四川专升本备考#
唐宋古文八大家之首是:韩愈
主张文章应“惟陈言之务去”的文学家是韩愈
代表唐代散文最高成就的作家是韩愈、柳宗元
《马伶传》的作者是侯方域
属于人物传记的是侯方域《马伶传》
侯方域在《马伶传》中说马伶为提高演技“乃走事昆山”
这里“昆山”所用的修辞格是借代
#专升本语文# #四川专升本备考#
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