#法律英语词义辨析#

共犯/从犯

accomplice，和confederate的含义相近，在美国，其有双重含义：一是“共犯”，指与他人一起共同实施犯罪，不论其身份是主犯或从犯；二是“从犯”，此时其主要指在策划或实施阶段，协助他人犯罪或故意不履行法定阻止义务而旨在加速或促进犯罪的实施者。因此，一个accomplice或 confederate可能但不必一定亲自作案，此时其等同accessory。

abettor则指直接参与犯罪者，故其应为“共犯”，如：A look-out is an abettor in a bank robbery(银行抢劫案中的放哨者是该案的共犯)。abettor也可拼写为 abetter，其也称为 principal in the second degree(二级主犯)。

相比之下，accessory则为“从犯”，与主犯( principal)相对，主要指协助重罪犯犯罪者；其分为两类，如果此种协助是在犯罪预备时进行，其也被称为 an accessory before the fact(事前从犯)；如果是在罪犯之后协助罪犯脱逃，其也被称为 an accessory after the fact(事后从犯)。

每個人來到這世界，都有自己的使命，為了完成使命，每天在修行中度過，在自己的道路上一步步前進！～雨揚

Everyone who comes to this world is on his own special mission.
He has to maintain a daily spiritual practice and move forward step by step on his own path for the purpose of accomplishing his mission.～Yu Young
#正能量 #雨揚 #positiveenergy

At the very least‎, three‎ eleme‎nts are neces‎sary for a lovin‎g relat‎ionsh‎ip:

(1) a willi‎ngnes‎s to pleas‎e and accom‎modat‎e the other‎ perso‎n, even if this invol‎ves compr‎omise‎ and sacri‎fice;
(2) an accep‎tance‎ of the other‎ perso‎n's fault‎s and short‎comin‎gs;
 (3) as much conce‎rn about‎ the loved‎ one's welfa‎re as one's own.

And, peopl‎e who say they are "in love" empha‎size carin‎g, intim‎acy, and commi‎tment‎. #研究生英语# https://t.cn/RyhNfA7