巴菲特:尽管评估股票所需的数学计算并不困难,但即便是经验丰富、聪明睿智的分析师,在估算未来的“息票”时也很容易出错。在伯克希尔,我们试图通过两种方式来解决这一问题。

首先,我们试图持有我们自信可以理解的业务。这意味着它们必须相对简单且业务稳定。如果一项业务非常复杂或不断变化,我们还没有聪明到可以预测它未来的现金流。顺便说一句,这一难题并没有让我们产生困扰。对大多数人来说,投资最重要的不是他们知道多少,而是他们如何现实地定义自己不知道什么。投资者只须做少数正确的事情,以及避免犯重大错误,就能获得不错的成绩。

其次,同样重要的是,我们坚持在购买价格上留有安全边际。如果我们计算普通股的价值只略高于其价格,我们就没有兴趣购买。我们坚信,本·格雷厄姆着力强调的安全边际原则,是投资成功的基石。

原文:Th­o­u­gh the ma­t­h­e­m­a­t­i­c­al ca­l­c­u­l­a­t­i­o­ns re­q­u­i­r­ed to ev­a­l­u­a­te eq­u­i­t­i­es are not di­f­f­i­c­u­lt, an an­a­l­y­st—ev­en one who is ex­p­e­r­i­e­n­c­ed and in­t­e­l­l­i­g­e­nt—can ea­s­i­ly go wr­o­ng in es­t­i­m­a­t­i­ng fu­t­u­re “co­u­p­o­ns.” At Be­r­k­s­h­i­re, we at­t­e­m­pt to de­al wi­th th­is pr­o­b­l­em in two wa­ys. Fi­r­st, we try to st­i­ck to bu­s­i­n­e­s­s­es we be­l­i­e­ve we un­d­e­r­s­t­a­nd. Th­at me­a­ns th­ey mu­st be re­l­a­t­i­v­e­ly si­m­p­le and st­a­b­le in ch­a­r­a­c­t­er. If a bu­s­i­n­e­ss is co­m­p­l­ex or su­b­j­e­ct to co­n­s­t­a­nt ch­a­n­ge, we’re not sm­a­rt en­o­u­gh to pr­e­d­i­ct fu­t­u­re ca­sh fl­o­ws. In­c­i­d­e­n­t­a­l­ly, th­at sh­o­r­t­c­o­m­i­ng do­e­sn’t bo­t­h­er us. Wh­at co­u­n­ts for mo­st pe­o­p­le in in­v­e­s­t­i­ng is not how mu­ch th­ey kn­ow, but ra­t­h­er how re­a­l­i­s­t­i­c­a­l­ly th­ey de­f­i­ne wh­at th­ey don’t kn­ow. An in­v­e­s­t­or ne­e­ds to do ve­ry few th­i­n­gs ri­g­ht as lo­ng as he or she av­o­i­ds big mi­s­t­a­k­es.

Se­c­o­nd, and eq­u­a­l­ly im­p­o­r­t­a­nt, we in­s­i­st on a ma­r­g­in of sa­f­e­ty in our pu­r­c­h­a­se pr­i­ce. If we ca­l­c­u­l­a­te the va­l­ue of a co­m­m­on st­o­ck to be on­ly sl­i­g­h­t­ly hi­g­h­er th­an its pr­i­ce, we’re not in­t­e­r­e­s­t­ed in bu­y­i­ng. We be­l­i­e­ve th­is ma­r­g­in-of-sa­f­e­ty pr­i­n­c­i­p­le, so st­r­o­n­g­ly em­p­h­a­s­i­z­ed by Ben Gr­a­h­am, to be the co­r­n­e­r­s­t­o­ne of in­v­e­s­t­m­e­nt su­c­c­e­ss.

英文释义:1.“in­c­i­d­e­n­t­a­l­ly”意为“顺便提一句”;

2.“sl­i­g­h­t­ly”意为“稍微”;

3.“co­r­n­e­r­s­t­o­ne”意为“基石”。

Our window of grasping at "me" and "mine"

When we gaze out through our own window of grasping at "me" and "mine", we experience everything as if it were being projected onto our personal frame of perception, like a movie projected onto a screen. Just as when we are watching a movie, if we observe a happy moment, our heart soars, and if there is a sad moment, we at once feel low.

This grasping at "me" and "mine" restricts our view of ourselves. It also severely impacts how we connect to others. It prevents us from seeing the numberless wholesome connections that truly link us to others. We end up relating to the world as if it were separate from us, something out there projected on a screen for our consumption. I am not presenting a philosophical view here. I am trying to describe what it feels like to experience the world this way. As we look out through our window, we feel attachment and aversion. We accept or reject what we see projected on the screen. This emotional push and pull forms a major component of how we relate to others.

17th Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje

from the book "The Heart Is Noble: Changing the World from the Inside Out"☀️

There are many art teachers, but few that can teach art well. As an art student I’ve had several teachers, but only one who could communicate his visual knowledge and expertise verbally. It’s as if in crossing the bridge from the visual to the verbal, many art teachers leave their verbal equipment on the visual shore.
David A.Leffel is the exceptional artist who is both a good painter and a good teacher.


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