有读者在后台问到了新概念3里面的一个句子:He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. 为什么不用replies?
这是一个很细节的问题,不过相信很多人平时也有疑惑:no后面的名词应该用单数还是复数?对于上面的新概念句子来说,received no reply/replies在语法上都是可以的,在地道英文语料中都可以找到例证,比如这两个BBC句子:
(1) Prosecutors and the FBI have contacted his lawyers but have received no reply, said US attorney Geoffrey Berman.
(2) Although he received no replies, a journalist with the Guardian newspaper saw the advert and contacted him.
不过received no reply/replies两者存在一些细微的差别,为了更好地解释这一区别,我们需要从no的用法说起。
当no作为限定词时,它后面可以接可数名词或不可数名词。通常情况下,当no后面接可数名词时,该名词使用复数,特别是当涉及到"there are…", "XX has…"这样的句型时,比如:
(1) It was early December and there were no leaves on the trees.
(2) The room has no windows.
(3) No road accidents were reported in Chelsea throughout August.
但是在一些情况下,no后面的可数名词也可以使用单数,而是否使用单数的关键在于说话者认为这个名词属于单数还是复数,比如这个经典例子:
I have no wife.
这里wife虽然是可数名词,但是句子一般不能写成:I have no wives. 因为通常情况下一个人只有一个妻子。又比如:
He must lead a lonely life in that village: he has no wife and no children.
这里用no children比用no child要更加自然,因为在英美国家语境中,一个家庭一般有一个以上的孩子。
又比如下面这个NYT的例子:
After receiving green cards to move to the United States, they moved in with a friend in Stamford, Conn., in April. But because neither of the Biahliaks speaks English, and the couple has no car, they found that their opportunities were limited.
这篇文章的背景是一对贫穷的白俄罗斯夫妇移民到美国以寻求更好的医疗条件,但因为政策原因不得不和子女分离。这里the couple has no car用得很恰当,它不能写成the couple has no cars,因为对于他们来说,一辆车都负担不起了,更不用说多辆车了,因此这里只能用单数。
除了上面提到的情况之外,当no放在句首用于强调时,no后面的可数名词也要使用单数,此时句子的意思类似于“(符合这条件的)一个也没有”,比如:
No politician tells the truth all the time. 没有哪个政客是一直说真话的。
No writer has won the Nobel prize more than once.没有一个作家得过一次以上的诺贝尔奖。
No sensible person would dispute this. 没有一个通情达理的人会对此提异议。
此外,还有一些可数名词单数与no形成了固定搭配,这种情况下也不能随意改变名词的数,比如:
(1) I have no idea how you solve this problem. It's quite beyond me.
(2) I have no reason to think he won't return. He needs me as much as I need him.
(3) There's no need to cry. We can sort this out together.
(4) There's no way of knowing if the treatment will work.
这样固定搭配平时遇到了可以多积累起来。
回到最上面的问题,He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. 这里虽然改用received no replies语法上也没错,但是使用名词单数会更好,因为句子中“他”给记者发去了多份传真,但迟迟收不到记者的回复,这里用received no reply更能强调回复的数量之少,它隐含的意思是:“他”连一份回复都没收到,更不用说多份了。
这是一个很细节的问题,不过相信很多人平时也有疑惑:no后面的名词应该用单数还是复数?对于上面的新概念句子来说,received no reply/replies在语法上都是可以的,在地道英文语料中都可以找到例证,比如这两个BBC句子:
(1) Prosecutors and the FBI have contacted his lawyers but have received no reply, said US attorney Geoffrey Berman.
(2) Although he received no replies, a journalist with the Guardian newspaper saw the advert and contacted him.
不过received no reply/replies两者存在一些细微的差别,为了更好地解释这一区别,我们需要从no的用法说起。
当no作为限定词时,它后面可以接可数名词或不可数名词。通常情况下,当no后面接可数名词时,该名词使用复数,特别是当涉及到"there are…", "XX has…"这样的句型时,比如:
(1) It was early December and there were no leaves on the trees.
(2) The room has no windows.
(3) No road accidents were reported in Chelsea throughout August.
但是在一些情况下,no后面的可数名词也可以使用单数,而是否使用单数的关键在于说话者认为这个名词属于单数还是复数,比如这个经典例子:
I have no wife.
这里wife虽然是可数名词,但是句子一般不能写成:I have no wives. 因为通常情况下一个人只有一个妻子。又比如:
He must lead a lonely life in that village: he has no wife and no children.
这里用no children比用no child要更加自然,因为在英美国家语境中,一个家庭一般有一个以上的孩子。
又比如下面这个NYT的例子:
After receiving green cards to move to the United States, they moved in with a friend in Stamford, Conn., in April. But because neither of the Biahliaks speaks English, and the couple has no car, they found that their opportunities were limited.
这篇文章的背景是一对贫穷的白俄罗斯夫妇移民到美国以寻求更好的医疗条件,但因为政策原因不得不和子女分离。这里the couple has no car用得很恰当,它不能写成the couple has no cars,因为对于他们来说,一辆车都负担不起了,更不用说多辆车了,因此这里只能用单数。
除了上面提到的情况之外,当no放在句首用于强调时,no后面的可数名词也要使用单数,此时句子的意思类似于“(符合这条件的)一个也没有”,比如:
No politician tells the truth all the time. 没有哪个政客是一直说真话的。
No writer has won the Nobel prize more than once.没有一个作家得过一次以上的诺贝尔奖。
No sensible person would dispute this. 没有一个通情达理的人会对此提异议。
此外,还有一些可数名词单数与no形成了固定搭配,这种情况下也不能随意改变名词的数,比如:
(1) I have no idea how you solve this problem. It's quite beyond me.
(2) I have no reason to think he won't return. He needs me as much as I need him.
(3) There's no need to cry. We can sort this out together.
(4) There's no way of knowing if the treatment will work.
这样固定搭配平时遇到了可以多积累起来。
回到最上面的问题,He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. 这里虽然改用received no replies语法上也没错,但是使用名词单数会更好,因为句子中“他”给记者发去了多份传真,但迟迟收不到记者的回复,这里用received no reply更能强调回复的数量之少,它隐含的意思是:“他”连一份回复都没收到,更不用说多份了。
#紫颜色##女性可以这样紫# 西方女性主义文学经典之作。《紫颜色》是首位获得普利策文学奖的非裔美国女作家艾丽斯•沃克的代表作,故事主要以黑人女孩西丽的日记体书信组成。
紫颜色到底是指什么呢?在美国文化里,紫色传统上来说象征着皇室、权力和灵性。在书的情境中,紫色更像代表了女性视角里,生而为人的经历和情感的整个光谱。本身既有痛苦和挣扎,又有喜悦和诱惑;有令人发指的暴力,也有沉默无言的坚强。这种反映生活复杂性和丰富性的颜色,对主角西丽而言,尤为切题。
“当你的眼睛里没有了男人,你才能看到一切。”这是一本完全的女性主义读物,探讨了两性关系、种族歧视、宗教意义。语言极为简单,但爆发力实在惊人,把遥远生活里女人们的痛苦与奋斗、陪伴与成长、坚韧与勇气、平凡又不凡的一生带到我的眼前。读完我竟不知是西丽和耐蒂少时分离,却在漫长无望的时间、距离和沉默中始终保持的对彼此的忠诚和希望更打动我;还是莎格和西丽之间,启蒙、救赎、深爱、互补的情爱更打动我。
书到后期,是用莎格的话点题:“我认为,你要是走过一块地,没注意到地里的紫颜色,上帝就会很生气(I think it pisses God off if you walk by the color purple in a field somewhere and don't notice it)”。 说得真好啊,紫颜色点缀在生活之中,若你活了一生,却没有真正活过,上帝也是会生气的吧——就像海明威在《太阳照常升起》里说的那样:“我无法忍受生命流失得那么迅速,而我却并没有真正的活过”。
紫颜色到底是指什么呢?在美国文化里,紫色传统上来说象征着皇室、权力和灵性。在书的情境中,紫色更像代表了女性视角里,生而为人的经历和情感的整个光谱。本身既有痛苦和挣扎,又有喜悦和诱惑;有令人发指的暴力,也有沉默无言的坚强。这种反映生活复杂性和丰富性的颜色,对主角西丽而言,尤为切题。
“当你的眼睛里没有了男人,你才能看到一切。”这是一本完全的女性主义读物,探讨了两性关系、种族歧视、宗教意义。语言极为简单,但爆发力实在惊人,把遥远生活里女人们的痛苦与奋斗、陪伴与成长、坚韧与勇气、平凡又不凡的一生带到我的眼前。读完我竟不知是西丽和耐蒂少时分离,却在漫长无望的时间、距离和沉默中始终保持的对彼此的忠诚和希望更打动我;还是莎格和西丽之间,启蒙、救赎、深爱、互补的情爱更打动我。
书到后期,是用莎格的话点题:“我认为,你要是走过一块地,没注意到地里的紫颜色,上帝就会很生气(I think it pisses God off if you walk by the color purple in a field somewhere and don't notice it)”。 说得真好啊,紫颜色点缀在生活之中,若你活了一生,却没有真正活过,上帝也是会生气的吧——就像海明威在《太阳照常升起》里说的那样:“我无法忍受生命流失得那么迅速,而我却并没有真正的活过”。
"I hope to promote disabled people so they can have more opportunities and participate equally in society through my own work," he said. "If disabled people have dreams, they should pursue them bravely and boldly."
这位盲人律师现在主要负责线上和电话的劳动纠纷的调停工作。太不容易了,太NB了实在!咱们大家没有不努力的理由,完全没有。
这位盲人律师现在主要负责线上和电话的劳动纠纷的调停工作。太不容易了,太NB了实在!咱们大家没有不努力的理由,完全没有。
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